Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (; May 21, 1921 – December 14, 1989 ) was a Soviet nuclear physicist, dissident and human rights activist.

A discussion about the methods of the political use of technology in the creation of a super-bomb began the ideological divergence between Andrei Sakharov and Nikita Khrushchev.

In 1973 and 1974 the Soviet media campaign targeted both Andrei Sakharov and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn.

In 1973 Andrei Sakharov was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize and in 1974 was awarded the Prix mondial Cino Del Duca.

An Andrei Sakharov prize is also to be awarded by the American Physical Society every second year from 2006, " to recognize outstanding leadership and / or achievements of scientists in upholding human rights ".

The Andrei Sakharov Prize For Writer's Civic Courage was established in October 1990.

The Andrei Sakharov Archives and Human Rights Center, established at Brandeis University in 1993, are now housed at Harvard University.

Statue of Andrei Sakharov at Saint Petersburg State University.

* During the 1980s, the block of 16th Street NW between L and M streets, in front of the Soviet embassy, in Washington, D. C. was renamed " Andrei Sakharov Place " as a form of protest against his 1980 arrest and detention.

* Intersection of Ventura blvd and Laurel Canyon blvd in Studio City, Los Angeles is named Andrei Sakharov Square.

* Sakharov, Andrei, Facets of a Life, Frontieres, 1991.

* Bergman, Jay, Meeting the Demands of Reason: The Life and Thought of Andrei Sakharov, Cornell University Press, 2009.

* Sakharov, Andrei, Collected Scientific Works, Marcel Dekker Inc., 1982.

* Lozansky, Edward D., Andrei Sakharov and Peace, Avon, 1985.

* Gorelik, Gennady, with Antonina W. Bouis, The World of Andrei Sakharov: A Russian Physicist's Path to Freedom.

* Andrei Sakharov // New dictionary of scientific biography / Noretta Koertge, ed.

* The Andrei Sakharov Archives at the Houghton Library

* The Andrei Sakharov Archives and Human Rights Center, established at Brandeis University in 1993, will soon cease to exist unless Congress and university officials act to save it.

* Andrei Sakharov: Soviet Physics, Nuclear Weapons, and Human Rights.

* Andrei Sakharov: Photo-chronology

* David Holloway on: Andrei Sakharov.

* Andrei Sakharov Museum in Moscow Virtual Tour.

* Annotated bibliography of Andrei Sakharov from the Alsos Digital Library.

In 1970 he, along with Valery Chalidze and Andrei Tverdokhlebov, was one of the founders of the Committee on Human Rights in the USSR and came under increasing pressure from the government.

President Kennedy meets with Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko in the Oval Office ( October 18, 1962 )

On October 18, President Kennedy met with Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs, Andrei Gromyko, who claimed the weapons were for defensive purposes only.

In 1985, Voight teamed up with Russian writer and director Andrei Konchalovsky to play the role of escaped con Manny Manheim in Runaway Train.

Arkady Volsky, an aide to Andropov and other general secretaries, recounts an episode that occurred after a Politburo meeting on the day following Andropov's demise: As Politburo members filed out of the conference hall, either Andrei Gromyko or ( in later accounts ) Dmitriy Ustinov is said to have put his arm round Nikolai Tikhonov's shoulders and said: " It's okay, Kostya is an agreeable guy ( pokladisty muzhik ), one can do business with him ...." The Politburo failed to pass the decision for Gorbachev, who was nominally Chernenko's second in command, to run the meetings of the Politburo itself in the absence of Chernenko ; the latter due to his declining health, began to miss those meetings with increasing frequency.

Working alongside military commander Andrei Zhdanov as German advances threatened to cut off Leningrad he displayed considerable personal bravery, prancing around in defiance of heavy shelling at Ivanovskoye ; at one point he rallied retreating troops and personally led a counter-attack against German tanks armed only with a pistol.

The meeting's chair, Andrei Zhdanov, who was in permanent radio contact with the Kremlin from whom he received instructions, also castigated communist parties in France and Italy for collaboration with those countries ' domestic agendas.

The first attempt at underwater exploration of the North Pole was made by a Russian firefighter and diver Andrei Rozhkov with a support of Diving Club of Moscow State University on April 22, 1998 but ended in fatality.

The crisis was resolved by Kekkonen in January 1959, when he privately travelled to Moscow to negotiate with Khrushchev and Andrei Gromyko.

In 1380, Andrei and another brother, Dmitry, sided with Prince Dmitri of Moscow against Jogaila's alliance with emir Mamai, " de facto " khan of the Golden Horde.

Trying to improve the condition of Christians in general and Catholics in particular behind the Iron Curtain, he engaged in dialogue with Communist authorities at several levels, receiving Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko and USSR President Nikolai Podgorny in 1966 and 1967 in the Vatican.

He scored 8 / 15 to tie for sixth place with Alexander Beliavsky, behind joint winners Andrei Sokolov, Rafael Vaganian, and Artur Yusupov, and one-half point short of potentially qualifying via a playoff.

Boyars with gorlatnaya hat s on a painting by Andrei Ryabushkin.

The physicist and Nobel laureate Andrei Sakharov was exiled there during 1980-1986 to limit his contacts with foreigners.

Feeling humiliated for being left in the net after having let in nine goals in 26 shots during a Canadiens game against the Red Wings, Roy joined the Avalanche on December 6, 1995, together with ex-Montreal captain Mike Keane in a trade for Jocelyn Thibault, Martin Rucinsky and Andrei Kovalenko.

Sadly, Andrei Kirlenko did not even consider signing with the Jazz this off-season.

Baron Davis scored 32 points and electrified the crowd with a monster dunk on Jazz forward Andrei Kirilenko late in the fourth quarter.

Parallel to this historical and legal narrative, Solzhenitsyn follows the typical course of a zek ( a slang term for inmate, derived from the widely used abbreviation " z / k " for " zakliuchennyi "( prisoner )) through the Gulag, starting with arrest, show trial and initial internment ; transport to the " archipelago "; treatment of prisoners and general living conditions ; slave labor gangs and the technical prison camp system ( where Andrei Sakharov and his team of prisoner-scientists developed the Soviet Union's first hydrogen bomb ); camp rebellions and strikes ( see Kengir uprising ); the practice of internal exile following completion of the original prison sentence ; and ultimate ( but not guaranteed ) release of the prisoner.

In 1951, together with Andrei Sakharov, Tamm proposed a tokamak system of the realization of CTF on the basis of toroidal magnetic thermonuclear reactor and soon after the first such devices were built by the INF, resulting the T-3 Soviet magnetic confinement device from 1968, when the plasma parameters unique for that time were obtained, of showing the temperatures in their machine to be over an order of magnitude higher than what was expected by the rest of the community.

On his way back he stopped in Moscow on 20 March and met with Brezhnev, foreign minister Andrei Gromyko and other Soviet officials.