Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (; May 21, 1921 – December 14, 1989 ) was a Soviet nuclear physicist, dissident and human rights activist.

A discussion about the methods of the political use of technology in the creation of a super-bomb began the ideological divergence between Andrei Sakharov and Nikita Khrushchev.

In 1973 and 1974 the Soviet media campaign targeted both Andrei Sakharov and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn.

In 1973 Andrei Sakharov was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize and in 1974 was awarded the Prix mondial Cino Del Duca.

An Andrei Sakharov prize is also to be awarded by the American Physical Society every second year from 2006, " to recognize outstanding leadership and / or achievements of scientists in upholding human rights ".

The Andrei Sakharov Prize For Writer's Civic Courage was established in October 1990.

The Andrei Sakharov Archives and Human Rights Center, established at Brandeis University in 1993, are now housed at Harvard University.

Statue of Andrei Sakharov at Saint Petersburg State University.

* During the 1980s, the block of 16th Street NW between L and M streets, in front of the Soviet embassy, in Washington, D. C. was renamed " Andrei Sakharov Place " as a form of protest against his 1980 arrest and detention.

* Intersection of Ventura blvd and Laurel Canyon blvd in Studio City, Los Angeles is named Andrei Sakharov Square.

Andrei Sakharov with a group of Soviet dissidents, Sakharov is the first from right, the first from the left is Naum Meiman from Moscow Helsinki Group

* Sakharov, Andrei, Facets of a Life, Frontieres, 1991.

* Bergman, Jay, Meeting the Demands of Reason: The Life and Thought of Andrei Sakharov, Cornell University Press, 2009.

* Sakharov, Andrei, Collected Scientific Works, Marcel Dekker Inc., 1982.

* Lozansky, Edward D., Andrei Sakharov and Peace, Avon, 1985.

* Gorelik, Gennady, with Antonina W. Bouis, The World of Andrei Sakharov: A Russian Physicist's Path to Freedom.

* Andrei Sakharov // New dictionary of scientific biography / Noretta Koertge, ed.

* The Andrei Sakharov Archives at the Houghton Library

* The Andrei Sakharov Archives and Human Rights Center, established at Brandeis University in 1993, will soon cease to exist unless Congress and university officials act to save it.

* Andrei Sakharov: Photo-chronology

* David Holloway on: Andrei Sakharov.

* Andrei Sakharov Museum in Moscow Virtual Tour.

* Annotated bibliography of Andrei Sakharov from the Alsos Digital Library.

* Andrei Amalrik ( 1938 – 1980 ), Soviet dissident

President Kennedy meets with Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko in the Oval Office ( October 18, 1962 )

On October 18, President Kennedy met with Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs, Andrei Gromyko, who claimed the weapons were for defensive purposes only.

Podgorny was later " promoted " to the Chairmanship of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, and Andrei Kirilenko replaced him as Secretary in charge of personnel policy.

Nikolai Tikhonov, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, was succeeded by Nikolai Ryzhkov, and Vasili Kuznetsov, the acting Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, was succeeded by Andrei Gromyko, the former Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Nikolai Tikhonov, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, was succeeded by Nikolai Ryzhkov, and Vasili Kuznetsov, the acting Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, was succeeded by Andrei Gromyko, the former Minister of Foreign Affairs.

* 1896 – Andrei Alexandrovich Zhdanov, Soviet politician and ideologist ( d. 1948 )

* 1909 – Andrei Gromyko, Soviet politician ( d. 1989 )

With his help, work of dissident Andrei Sakharov was smuggled to the west, and his Alexander Herzen Foundation published dissident Soviet literature.

In a 1947 speech to the United Nations, Soviet deputy foreign minister Andrei Vyshinsky said that the Marshall Plan violated the principles of the United Nations.

* 1941 – Andrei Mironov, Soviet actor ( d. 1987 )

The Soviet leadership wanted to ease Karmal out of politics, but when Najibullah began to complain that he was hampering his plans of National Reconciliation, the Soviet Politburo decided to remove Karmal ; this motion was supported by Andrei Gromyko, Yuli Vorontsov, Eduard Shevardnadze, Anatoly Dobrynin and Viktor Chebrikov.

Next year, on May 9, 1949, two other Soviet scientists ( Vitali Volovich and Andrei Medvedev ) became the first people to parachute onto the North Pole.

Certain citizens who had become prominent enough to safely criticize the Soviet government, such as Andrei Sakharov, did speak out against nuclear weapons, but that was to little effect.

From left to right, first row: Premier of the Soviet Union | Premier Joseph Stalin ; President Harry S. Truman, Soviet Ambassador to the United States Andrei Gromyko, Secretary of State James F. Byrnes, and List of Russian foreign ministers | Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov.

For example, Mikhail Gorbachev initially did not hold the presidency of the Soviet Union, that office being given as an honour to former Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko.

He has won many awards and medals, including the Medal of the International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, with Andrei Linde and Paul Steinhardt and the Eddington Medal in 1996, and the 2009 Isaac Newton Medal, awarded by the British Institute of Physics.

Andrei Dmitriyevich Linde (; born March 2, 1948 ) is a Russian-American theoretical physicist, the Harald Trap Friis Professor of Physics at Stanford University.