Antibacterials such as metronidazole, tinidazole, cephamandole, latamoxef, cefoperazone, cefmenoxime, and furazolidone, cause a disulfiram-like chemical reaction with alcohol by inhibiting its breakdown by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, which may result in vomiting, nausea, and shortness of breath.

Antibacterials are antiseptics that have the proven ability to act against bacteria.

Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area.

Antibacterials are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated.

( If the condition is thought to be cellulitis rather than abscess, consideration should be given to possibility of strep species as cause that are still sensitive to traditional anti-staphylococcus agents such as dicloxacillin or cephalexin in patients able to tolerate penicillin ).

The discovery of such a powerful antibiotic was unprecedented, and the development of penicillin led to renewed interest in the search for antibiotic compounds with similar efficacy and safety.

Until the introduction of ampicillin by the British company Beecham, penicillin therapies had only been effective against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.

Mycology ( from the Greek μύκης, mukēs, meaning " fungus ") is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans as a source for tinder, medicinals ( e. g., penicillin ), food ( e. g., beer, wine, cheese, edible mushrooms ) and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as poisoning or infection.

They hoped to find a molecule that could compete with penicillin for the organic acid transporter responsible for excretion, such that the transporter would preferentially excrete the competing molecule and the penicillin would be retained.

In a 1946 to 1948 study in Guatemala, U. S. researchers used prostitutes to infect prison inmates, insane asylum patients, and Guatemalan soldiers with syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases ( STDs ), to test the effectiveness of penicillin in treating such diseases.

Some antibacterial drugs such as penicillin interfere with the production of peptidoglycan by binding to bacterial enzymes known as penicillin-binding proteins or transpeptidases.

Antibiotics such as penicillin commonly target bacterial cell wall formation ( of which peptidoglycan is an important component ) because animal cells do not have cell walls.

Because of this experience, the researchers changed their focus to children, who did not need such large quantities of penicillin.

A drug-resistant strain of scarlet fever, resistant to macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin, but retaining drug-sensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin, has emerged in Hong Kong in 2011, accounting for at least two deaths in that city-the first such in over a decade .< ref name = APo >

Many of the episodes in these early seasons focused on Earths that resulted from alternate histories, such as if the British had won the Revolutionary War, or if penicillin had never been discovered.

Variations of the triple therapy have been developed over the years, such as using a different proton pump inhibitor, as with pantoprazole or rabeprazole, or replacing amoxicillin with metronidazole for people who are allergic to penicillin.

Bacteria belonging to this genus are usually susceptible to antibiotics such as penicillin, are microaerophilic ( require small amounts of oxygen ) capnophiles, and are fast-moving with their flagella.

Without a cell wall, they are unaffected by many common antibiotics such as penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis.

An increase in eosinophils, i. e., the presence of more than 500 eosinophils / microlitre of blood is called an eosinophilia, and is typically seen in people with a parasitic infestation of the intestines, a collagen vascular disease ( such as rheumatoid arthritis ), malignant diseases such as Hodgkin's disease, extensive skin diseases ( such as exfoliative dermatitis ), Addison's disease, in the squamous epithelium of the esophagus in the case of reflux esophagitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and with the use of certain drugs such as penicillin.

Medicines such as penicillin were rationed by a triage committee at each hospital.

A group of eminent Australian scholars were involved in the infancy of ANU, such as Sir Mark Oliphant, a leader in radar development and nuclear physics ; Sir Howard Florey, a co-discoverer of the benefits of penicillin ; Sir Keith Hancock, an eminent historian ; and H. C. Coombs, a renowned economist and public servant.

In addition, they are naturally resistant to a number of antibiotics that disrupt cell-wall biosynthesis, such as penicillin.

The capacity of disabling or inhibiting translation in protein biosynthesis is used by some antibiotics such as anisomycin, cycloheximide, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin, puromycin, etc.

Colchicine may interact with other commonly prescribed drugs, such as atorvastatin and erythromycin, among others.

Some medications, such as seizure and ulcer medications and antibiotics containing erythromycin, can interfere with the way theophylline works.

Commonly used antibiotics, either applied topically or taken orally, include erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracyclines such as minocycline.

Complete cure can be obtained with proper antibiotic treatments to kill the causative bacteria, such as tetracycline, doxycycline, or erythromycin.

Another important cornerstone in treating rheumatic fever includes the continual use of low-dose antibiotics ( such as penicillin, sulfadiazine, or erythromycin ) to prevent recurrence.

Substances that act as inhibitors of the CYP3A4 enzyme such as ketoconazole, erythromycin, cimetidine and furanocoumarin derivates ( found in grapefruit ) lead to increased plasma levels of loratadine.

Drugs that depend on stomach pH for absorption may interact with omeprazole ; drugs that depend on an acidic environment ( such as ketoconazole or atazanavir ) will be poorly absorbed, whereas acid-labile antibiotics ( such as erythromycin ) will be absorbed to a greater extent than normal due to the more alkaline environment of the stomach.

Drugs that depend on stomach pH for absorption may interact with omeprazole ; drugs that depend on an acidic environment ( such as ketoconazole or atazanavir ) will be poorly absorbed, whereas drugs that are broken down in acidic environments ( such as erythromycin ) will be absorbed to a greater extent than normal.

A macrolide such as erythromycin is used for people allergic to penicillin.

Prokinetic agents such as erythromycin before endocopy can decrease the amount of blood in the stomach and thus improve the operators view.

In patients who don ’ t respond to sulfonamide treatment, other drugs, such as ampicillin, erythromycin, or minocycline, may be added.

Bowel movements may be stimulated by prescribing lactulose, erythromycin or, in severe cases that are thought to have a neurological component ( such as Ogilvie's syndrome ), neostigmine.

Modern prokinetic agents such as metoclopramide, erythromycin and tegaserod have little or no established efficacy and often result in substantial side effects.

The concomitant use of sibutramine and drugs which inhibit CYP3A4, such as ketoconazole and erythromycin, may increase plasma levels of sibutramine.

Examples of such known CYP3A4 inhibitors include cisapride ( Propulsid ), erythromycin, itraconazole ( Sporanox ), ketoconazole ( Nizoral ), and mibefradil ( Posicor ).

Drugs such as gold salts, nitrofurantoin, anabolic steroids, chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, sulindac, cimetidine, erythromycin, and estrogen can cause cholestasis and may result in damage to the liver.

Antibiotics such as tetracycline or erythromycin may also control the disease, particularly in patients who cannot use corticostroids.

She seemed to have come such a long distance -- too far for her destination which had wilfully been swallowed up in the greedy gloom of the trees.

At the heart of all of this was the square, which one such traveler declared to be `` as spacious, as pleasant and aromatick a Market as any in the Universe ''.

As the New South snowballs toward further urbanization, it becomes more and more homogeneous with the North -- a tendency which Willard Thorp terms `` Yankeefication '', as evidenced in such cities as Charlotte, Birmingham, and Houston.

For the family is the simplest example of just such a unit, composed of people, which gives us both some immunity from, and a way of dealing with, other people.

It resembles, too, pictures such as Durer and Bruegel did, in which all that looks at first to be solely pictorial proves on inspection to be also literary, the representation of a proverb, for example, or a deadly sin.

All such imitations of negative quality have given rise to a compensatory response in the form of a heroic and highly individualistic humanism: if man can neither know nor love reality as it is, he can at least invent an artistic `` reality '' which is its own world and which can speak to man of purely personal and subjective qualities capable of being known and worthy of being loved.

Whitehead contends that the human way of understanding existence as a unity of interlocking and interdependent processes which constitute each other and which cause each other to be and not to be is possible only because the basic form of such an understanding, for all its vagueness and tendency to mistake the detail, is initially given in the way man feels the world.

In no other situation would a group of doctors, struggling competently to improve the life expectancy of a man beloved by the world, be subjected to such merciless and persistent questioning, and before they were prepared to demonstrate the kind of verbal precision which alone can clarify for mankind the problems it faces.

It recurred in the press conferences: the President's remarks about his running developed a singular tone, one which we find in few statements made by public individuals on such a matter.

As a means of silencing a discussion which ought to have taken place, the statement is an effective one: we sympathize with the universal confusion which gives rise to such convictions.

Faulkner's total works today, and in fact those of his works which existed in 1946 when Mr. Cowley made his comment, or in 1939, when Mr. O'Donnell wrote his essay, reveal no such simple attitude toward the South.

such capacities are impressive evidence pointing to a conception of the human being which does not appear in the accounts of biologists and organic evolutionists ; ;

He often donned their tribal costumes, such as the one featuring a tall, black sheepskin hat from the top of which dangled a little red bag ornamented by a chain of worsted lace and tassels ; ;

`` They straggle at such a rate '', he told the commander-in-chief, `` that if the enemy were enterprising, they might get two from us, when we would take one of them, which makes me wish General Howe would go on, lest any incident happen to us ''.

Concepts such as grace, damnation, purgation, blasphemy, or the chain of being, which are everywhere implicit in classic and Shakespearean tragedy, lose their vitality.

J. T. Shotwell was appalled by such spurious history as that which attributed the fall of the Carolingian empire to the woolen trade, and he urged Adams to `` transform his essay into a real history, embodying not merely those facts which fit into his theory, but also the modifications and exceptions ''.

To Adams that age in which religion exercised power over the entire culture of the race was one of imagination, and it is largely the admiration he so obviously held for such eras that betrays a peculiar religiosity -- a sentiment he would have probably denied.

the prolusion in which the autobiographic statement about the epithet occurs is such a mass of intentionally buried allusions that almost nothing in it can be accepted as true -- or discarded as false.

Milton was to act as the archfool, the supreme wit, the lightly bantering pater, Pater Liber, who could at once trip lightly over that which deserved such treatment, or could at will annihilate the common enemies of the college gathering, and with words alone.

Since the great flood of these dystopias has appeared only in the last twelve years, it seems fairly reasonable to assume that the chief impetus was the 1949 publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four, an assumption which is supported by the frequent echoes of such details as Room 101, along with education by conditioning from Brave New World, a book to which science-fiction writers may well have returned with new interest after reading the more powerful Orwell dystopia.