Antisemitism has been described as primarily hatred against Jews as a race with its modern expression rooted in 19th century racial theories, while anti-Judaism is described as hostility to Jewish religion, but in Western Christianity it effectively merged into antisemitism during the 12th century.

Antisemitism ( also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism ) is suspicion of, hatred toward, or discrimination against Jews for reasons connected to their Jewish heritage.

Antisemitism may be manifested in many ways, ranging from expressions of hatred of or discrimination against individual Jews to organized violent attacks by mobs, state police, or even military attacks on entire Jewish communities.

Antisemitism refers specifically to prejudice against Jews alone and in general, despite the fact that there are other speakers of Semitic languages ( e. g. Arabs, Ethiopians, or Assyrians ) and that not all Jews speak a Semitic language.

Antisemitism in the USSR reached a peak in 1948 – 53 when several hundred Yiddish-writing poets, writers, painters and sculptors were killed in a campaign against the so-called rootless cosmopolitan.

John Mann chairs the All-Party Parliamentary Group against Antisemitism.

In September 2006, the All-Party Parliamentary Group against Anti-Semitism of the British Parliament published the Report of the All-Party Parliamentary Inquiry into Antisemitism, the result of an investigation into whether the belief that the " prevailing opinion both within the Jewish community and beyond " that antisemitism had " receded to the point that it existed only on the margins of society.

Antisemitism came into existence when Christianity and Islam took over the intolerant fanaticism of Judaism, and turned it against the Jews.

Since 1995, UNITED coordinates an annual pan-European campaign on occasion of the 9 November, called International Day against Fascism and Antisemitism.

Gentile Christians may have developed a dislike of or looked down on Jews ( see also Antisemitism and Responsibility for the death of Jesus ), because they theologically rationalized that Jews were no longer God's people.

This marked the transition between Antijudaism, where converted Jews were accepted as full citizens ( in theory ), to Antisemitism, where Jews were thought to be from a different ethnicity that could never become German.

* October 6 – President Gorbachev condemns Antisemitism in the Soviet Union in a statement read on the 50th anniversary of the Babi Yar massacres, which saw the death of 35, 000 Jews in the Ukraine.

For the history of persecution of Jews, see Antisemitism, History of antisemitism and Timeline of antisemitism.

The evolution for Jews from toleration to full civil and political equality that followed the American Revolution helped ensure that Antisemitism would never become as common as in Europe.

* Nazi Germany and the Jews 1933-1939: Antisemitism on the Yad Vashem website

Hannah Arendt argued that the affair had an immense importance in the development of French Antisemitism, due to the involvement of two Jews of German origin, Jacques Reinach and Cornelius Herz.

Jews faced antisemitism and stereotypes in Britain, and Antisemitism " in most cases went along with Germanophobia " to the extent that Jews were equated with Germans.

Antisemitism did not disappear with the expulsion of Jews.

" Edward Flannery, writing in The Anguish of the Jews: Twenty-Three Centuries of Antisemitism, first published in 1965, also gives figures of 100, 000 to 500, 000, stating " Many historians consider the second figure exaggerated and the first a minimum ".

The OUN position concerning the Jews was disseminated through its IDEIA I CHYN clandestine journal, and it specifically asked for resistance to manifestations of Antisemitism.

He had expected to confirm his antipathy towards the Jews when he started working on his treatise Das Wesen des Antisemitismus ( The Essence of Antisemitism ).

The high aptitude of the Jews and their outstanding role in the progress of mankind considering men like Jesus, Spinoza, Marx has to be kindly acknowledged without hesitation ... All this Antisemitism is a flop which will vanish slowly in the light of scientific knowledge and a humane democracy ".

* Israel among the Nations: A Study of the Jews and Antisemitism, by F. Hellman ( 1900 )

Given the questioning of Antisemitism in the speech and also the Nazi use of the play for antisemitic propaganda purposes, the quote is seen as particularly poignant and symbolic.

While opinion on the early SD vary, it is generally agreed ( including by the Swedish Committee Against Antisemitism and Expo ), that the SD has never been a Nazi party, although various " connections " have existed by members.

Jonathan Leman and Charlotte Wiberg from the Swedish Committee Against Antisemitism acknowledges that while Aftonbladet stay just clear of being antisemitic, the op-ed fell in to a long-established and problematic pattern of publishing content that is awfully close to outright antisemtism in a way that few other newspapers in Sweden does.

The report notes that this is " at the core of the ' New Antisemitism ', on which so much has been written ," adding that many of those who gave evidence called anti-Zionism " the lingua franca of antisemitic movements.

Reid chairs the steering committee of the Canadian Parliamentary Coalition to Combat Antisemitism ( CPCCA ), a multi-partisan group of MPs which organized an international conference on antisemitism in Ottawa in 2010, and is vice-chair of the CPCCA's inquiry panel into domestic antisemitism within Canada.

Today the Wiener Library is a research library dedicated to studying the Holocaust, comparative genocide studies, Nazi Germany, and German Jewry, and documenting Antisemitism and Neonazism.

* Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Father John Pawlikowski from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

* Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Errol Morris from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

* Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Mike Godwin from the U. S. Holocaust Memorial Museum

The Reason for Antisemitism, and radio commentator, has published an on-going 19-part series explaining and promoting the concept of Judeo-Christian culture, running for three years from 2005 to 2008, reflecting the interest of this concept to his listeners.

* Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Mark Potok from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

* on Antisemitism Interview with Frank Meeink from the U. S. Holocaust Memorial Museum

* on Antisemitism Interview with Michael Kahn from the U. S. Holocaust Memorial Museum ; Discusses theme of antisemitism

* Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Susan Warsinger from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

* Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Ruth Bader Ginsburg from the U. S. Holocaust Memorial Museum

* Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Judy Gold from the U. S. Holocaust Memorial Museum

Traces of Antisemitism are often found in his correspondence from the 1930s.

* Voices on Antisemitism Interview with James Carroll from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

* Voices on Antisemitism Podcast Series from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

* Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Colonel Edward B. Westermann from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

* Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Deborah Lipstadt from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

* Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Irwin Cotler from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

* Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Kevin Gover from the U. S. Holocaust Memorial Museum

* on Antisemitism Interview with Vidal Sassoon from the U. S. Holocaust Memorial Museum

* Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Sadia Shepard from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

* on Antisemitism Interview with Michael Kahn from the U. S. Holocaust Memorial Museum