A Chinese alchemical text dated 492 noted saltpeter burnt with a purple flame, providing a practical and reliable means of distinguishing it from other inorganic salts, thus enabling alchemists to evaluate and compare purification techniques ; the earliest Arabic and Latin accounts of saltpeter purification are dated after 1200.

It was possibly influenced by the Aramaic and Arabic languages, and in some cases by Sephardi Hebrew, although some linguists maintain that it is the direct heir of Biblical Hebrew and thus represents the true dialect of Hebrew.

In Arabic, the matres lectionis ( though they are much less often referred to thus ) are alif ا, waw و, and ya ' ي.

They pronounced its name as Kerkent in Arabic ; it was thus Sicilianized as " Girgenti ".

* Khalasah ( Arabic: ' quintessence ') — one of the most famous palm cultivars in Saudi Arabia, famous for its sweetness level that is not high nor low, thus, suits most people.

Man is possibly cognate with the Arabic term man, meaning plant lice, with man hu thus meaning " this is plant lice ", which fits one widespread modern identification of manna, the crystallized honeydew of certain scale insects.

The word fidāʼīyīn is the Arabic plural to fidāʼī, which comes from the verb fadā ( infinitive: fidāʼ, which means " redemption "; thus the literal translation of fidāʼīyīn is those who redeem themselves by sacrificing themselves.

The most accepted explanation is that the name for the, then Syrian ( now Turkish ), Hellenistic city of Antioch on the Orontes ( Arabic: Antākiyyah, today Antakya ) was used, as the region known as the Coffee Zone in Colombia, in which many towns and cities are named after cities in the middle east, has a very strong Judeo-Arabic influence, both demographically and culturally ; Additionally the city in mention played a significant role in the development of early Christian communities thus religiously important for Roman Catholic Spaniard conquerors.

the earliest date is put around the 14th century where a copperplate inscription of Parakarama Bahu IV ( 1302-1326 ) refers to two persons who were declared exempt from certain taxes which included " gun licenses ". http :// www. island. lk / index. php? page_cat = article-details & page = article-details & code_title = 22207 many also believe that it was the Portuguese who first brought over actual muskets during their invasion of the Sri Lankan Coastline and low lands in 1505 as they regularly used short barrelled matchlocks during combat, however, P. E. P. Deraniyagala points out that the Sinhala term for gun, ‘ bondikula ’ matches the Arabic term for gun, ‘ bunduk .’ Also that certain technical aspects of the early Sinhalese matchlock were similar to the matchlocks used in the Middle East, thus forming the generally accepted theory that the musket was not entirely new to the island by the time the Portuguese came, but it was only in a short matter of time that native Sri Lankan kingdoms, most notably the kingdom of Sitawaka and the Kandyan Kingdom where Sinhalese muskets with a unique bifurcated stock, longer barrel and smaller calibre, which made it more efficient in driving out the energy from the gunpowder, where manufactured by the hundreds and mastered by soldiers to the point where according to the Portuguese invader, Queyroz, they could " fire at night to put out a match " and " by day at 60 paces would sever a knife with four or five bullets " and " send as many on the same spot in the target.

His father, Mohammed Jamaal Ahmed Sokhta Qadiri, wanted him to have a good career, thus he arranged Arabic, Urdu, Persian, and Hindi tuition for Shakeel at home.

The adoption of the Eritrean Government of Tigrinya and Arabic as official languages in 1952, thus undermined Tigre.

The region is so called " Kafiristan " as the surrounding populations were converted to Islam, the people in this region retained themselves, thus known as " Kafirs ". The Arabic word " Kufr " means not only to disbelieve, but also to blaspheme, and therefore, its derivative " Kafir " means one who commits blasphemy against Allah in the Islamic tradition.

The channel thus created was known as the Haffar, Arabic for " excavated ," " dugout ," which exactly described what the channel was.

This was the same for the acceptance of Arabic writing in Turkey, Persia and India which had taken place earlier and thus, the Jawi script was then deemed as the writing of the Muslims.

The Bani Hassan's dialect of Arabic thus became the tongue of the region, and is still spoken in the form of Hassaniya Arabic.

* In several cases where Akkadian has š, Amorite, like Hebrew and Arabic, has h, thus hu ' his ',-haa ' her ', causative h-or ʼ-( I. Gelb 1958 ).

Some of these Arabic names preserve original Hebrew pronunciations that were later changed by regular sound shifts ; thus Maryam corresponds to the form recorded by classical authors, whereas the second i in Miriam is the result of a later sound change ( also observable in words such as migdal, recorded in the New Testament as Magdalene and in Palestinian Arabic as Majdala ) which turned a in unstressed closed syllables into i.

Arabic medical treatises, both those that were translations of Greek texts and those that were originally written in Arabic, had accumulated in the library of Montecassino, where they were translated into Latin ; thus the received lore of Hippocrates, Galen and Dioscorides was supplemented and invigorated by Arabic medical practice, known from contacts with Sicily and North Africa.

Their distinct Arabic dialects in turn did not thrive in either country, and most of their descendants now speak French or Modern Hebrew almost exclusively ; thus resulting in the entire continuum of Judeo-Arabic dialects being considered endangered languages.

It may thus be considered that Levantine Arabic results of the adoption of Arabic by speakers with a marked Aramaic substrate.

The traditional vernacular of Arab citizens, irrespective of religion, is the Arabic language, or more precisely, the Palestinian dialect of Arabic.

The Arabic harmony preserves Tatian's sequence exactly, but uses a source text corrected in most places to that of the standard Syriac Peshitta Gospels ; the Persian harmony differs greatly in sequence, but translates a Syriac text that is rather closer to that in Ephrem's commentary.

The Welsh word for honeymoon is mis mêl, which translates as " honey month ", and similarly the Ukrainian ( Медовий місяць ), Polish ( miesiąc miodowy ), Russian ( Медовый месяц ), Arabic ( شهر العسل shahr el ' assal ), Greek ( μήνας του μέλιτος ) and Hebrew ( ירח דבש yerach d ' vash ) versions.

In Arabic, the word jihād translates as a noun meaning " struggle ".

The name stems from Serendip, an old name for Sri Lanka ( aka Ceylon ), from Arabic Sarandib, which was adopted from Tamil " Seren deevu " or originally from Sanskrit Suvarnadweepa or golden island ( some trace the etymology to Simhaladvipa which literally translates to " Dwelling-Place-of-Lions Island ").

FaTaH is a reverse acronym of the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini which translates into " The Palestinian National Liberation Movement ".

* 1270 – Witelo translates Alhazen's 200-year-old treatise on optics, Kitab al-Manazir, from Arabic into Latin, bringing the work to European academic circles for the first time.

* Witelo translates Alhazen's 200-year-old treatise on optics, Kitab al-Manazir, from Arabic into Latin, bringing the work to European academic circles for the first time.

* 1150s – Gerard of Cremona translates Ptolemy's Almagest from Arabic into Latin, eventually leading to its adoption by the Catholic Church as an approved text.

Masjid al-Aqsa translates from Arabic into English as " the farthest mosque.

Robert Graves ( an acquaintance of Shah ) suggests an Arabic derivation from al thame ( or adh-dhame ), which he translates as " the arrow ".

Geomancy, from Ancient Greek geōmanteía translates literally to " foresight by earth "; it is a translation of the Arabic term ‛ ilm al-raml, or the " science of the sand ".

Medieval Islamic writers believed that the name “ Samarra ” is derived from the Arabic phrase “ Sarra man ra ’ a ” (), which translates to “ A joy for all who see ”.

** Modern Standard Arabic: " عمرك طويل " (` Umrak ṭawīl ), which translates to " A long life for you ( whom we spoke of ).

The frontispiece of an Adelard of Bath Latin translation of Euclid's Elements, c. 1309 – 1316 ; the oldest surviving Latin translation of the Elements is a 12th century work by Adelard, which translates to Latin from the Arabic.

Peleia translates as " dove ", and when the Arabs conquered it through the Rashidun Caliphate in the seventh century, the town received its Arabic name Hamama meaning " dove ", reflecting its Byzantine roots.

The modern Arabic name for the castle is Qalaat el Hosn, which translates as " stronghold castle "; this derives from the name of an earlier fortification on the site called Hisn el Akrad, meaning " stronghold of the Kurds ".

A famous example is the verb ليس laysa, which translates as it is not, although it is not the only sister of Kaana which exhibits this property: some Arabic grammaticians argue that دام " daama " ( when one of the sisters ) is also completely defective ; those who refute this claim still consider it partially defective.

: 1001 Arabian Nights, in Arabic Alf layla wa layla (), which literally translates as " One thousand nights and a night ".

One " of " my friends translates to ( transliterated ) " wahed " min " isdiqa ' i " in Arabic.

" I am ' on ' page 5 " translates to " ich bin ' auf ' Seite 5 " in German just fine but in Arabic it is " Ana ' fee ' safha raqm 5 " ....

Their name in the local Arabic dialect where they were found translates to " mister saddlebags " ( Arabic: أبو جراب ) due to the amount of storage space in their cheek pouches.

(" Sedaka " and " Sedacca " are variants of tzedaka, which translates in both Hebrew and Arabic as the word charity ).

Nizami's tale, about a moon princess who was married off by her father to someone other than the one who was desperately in love with her, resulting in Majnun's madness ( A name, مجنون, which translates to " madman " in Arabic ), struck a deep chord with Clapton.