* February 22 – A succession struggle erupts in Flanders between Richilde, widow of Baldwin VI and her brother-in-law Robert the Frisian, son of Baldwin V. Robert defeats Richilde and her nephew Arnulf III in the Battle of Cassel and is appointed count by King Philip.

* February 22 – Arnulf III, Count of Flanders ( in battle ) ( b. c. 1055 )

* Arnulf II, Count of Flanders ( d. 988 )

* Arnulf I of Flanders ( ruled 918 – 965 )

* Arnulf II, Count of Flanders ( 960 / 961 – 987 )

She was the widow of Arnulf II of Flanders, with whom she had children, the oldest of whom was of age to assume the offices of count of Flanders.

That same year Hugh, along with Herbert II of Vermandois, Arnulf I, Count of Flanders and Duke William Longsword paid homage to the Emperor Otto the Great, and supported him in his struggle against Louis.

In 1071 Philip I and Count Arnulf III of Flanders were defeated at St Omer by Robert the Frisian.

During the minority of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders, Eustace ’ s grandfather, Arnulf III, Count of Boulogne had broken free of Flanders and operated as an independent prince, as did Eustace ’ s father and Eustace himself.

In 1071, the sixth Count of Flanders, Arnulf III, was killed in the first Battle of Cassel by the forces of Robert the Frisian in a dispute over the succession to the title of count.

Although Arnulf was numerically superior and was supported by King Philip I of France, Robert was able to defeat his rival's army and took the title of Count of Flanders with the acquiescence of Philip I after a further five years of struggle.

He died 10 September 918 at Blandinberg ( near Ghent ) and was succeeded by his eldest son Arnulf I of Flanders.

* Arnulf I of Flanders ( c. 890 – 964 ), married Adela of Vermandois.

Arnulf was the son of count Baldwin II of Flanders and Ælfthryth of Wessex, daughter of Alfred the Great.

At the death of their father in 918, Arnulf became Count of Flanders while his brother Adeloft or Adelolf succeeded to the County of Boulogne.

Arnulf made his eldest son and heir Baldwin III of Flanders co-ruler in 958, but Baldwin died untimely in 962, so Arnulf was succeeded by Baldwin's infant son, Arnulf II of Flanders.

# Adelaide ( b. c. 1190 ), married 1206 Arnulf, Count of Loos, married February 3, 1225 William X of Auvergne ( c. 1195 – 1247 ), married before April 21, 1251 Arnold van Wesemaele ( d. aft.

Saint Arnulf of Metz ( c. 582 – 640 ) was a Frankish bishop of Metz and advisor to the Merovingian court of Austrasia, who retired to the Abbey of Remiremont.

Baldwin IV, born c. 980, was the son of Arnulf II, Count of Flanders and Rozala of Italy.

* Arnulf III, Count of Flanders ( c. 1055 – February 22, 1071 ).

After 1125 there is no certain trace of him ; he may be the same person as the Hilary who taught classical literature at Orléans, mentioned by William of Tyre and Arnulf of Orléans c. 1150, but it is unknown whether Hilarius of Orléans and Hilarius the playwright are separate people, nor if either of them are the same person as the Hilarius who taught at Angers.

Arnulf of Montgomery ( c. 1068 – 1118 / 1122 ) was an Anglo-Norman aristocrat, who played a role in the history of England, Wales, and Ireland.

Ansegisel ( also Ansgise, Ansegus, or Anchises ) ( c. 602 or 610 – murdered before 679 or 662 ) was the son of Saint Arnulf, bishop of Metz and his wife Saint Doda.

* Arnulf ( c. 1193 )

Baldwin III was born c. 940, The son of Arnulf I, Count of Flanders and his second wife, Adele of Vermandois, daughter of Herbert II, Count of Vermandois.

* Arnulf I of Flanders ( c. 890 – 964 ), married Adela of Vermandois

* 582 – Arnulf of Metz, French bishop and saint ( d. 640 )

Arnulf of Carinthia ( 850 – 8 December 899 ) was the Carolingian King of East Francia from 887, the disputed King of Italy from 894 and the disputed Holy Roman Emperor from 22 February 896 until his death.

Arnulf was, according to most sources, the illegitimate son of Carloman, King of Bavaria, and his concubine Liutswind, perhaps of Carantanian origin, and possibly the sister of Ernst, Count of the Bavarian Nordgau Margraviate in the area of the Upper Palatinate, or perhaps the burgrave of Passau, as some sources say.

Arnulf was granted the Duchy of Carinthia, a Frankish vassal state and successor of the ancient Principality of Carantania, by his father Carloman, after Carloman had become reconciled with his own father Louis the German and was created King of Bavaria.

Arnulf spent his childhood on the Mosaburch or Mosapurc, which is widely believed to be Moosburg in Carinthia, only a few miles away from one of the Imperial residences, the Carolingian Kaiserpfalz at Karnburg, which before as Krnski grad had been the residence of the Carantanian princes.

Arnulf kept his seat here and from later events it may be inferred that the Carantanians, from an early time, treated him as their own Duke.

Later, after he had been crowned King of East Francia, Arnulf turned his old territory of Carinthia into the March of Carinthia, a part of the Duchy of Bavaria.

After Carloman was incapacitated by a stroke in 879, Louis the Younger inherited Bavaria, Charles the Fat was given the Kingdom of Italy and Arnulf was confirmed in Carinthia by an agreement with Carloman.

Bavaria, however, was ruled more or less by Arnulf.

Arnulf had in fact ruled Bavaria during the summer and autumn of 879 while his father arranged his succession and he himself was granted " Pannonia ," in the words of the Annales Fuldenses, or " Carantanum ," in the words of Regino of Prüm.

When, in 882, Engelschalk II rebelled against the Margrave of Pannonia, Aribo, and ignited the so-called Wilhelminer War, Arnulf supported him and even accepted his and his brother's homage.

Pannonia was invaded, but Arnulf refused to give up the young Wilhelminers.

Arnulf did not make peace with Svatopluk until late 885, by which time the Moravian was a man of the emperor.

Arnulf took the leading role in the deposition of his uncle, the Emperor Charles the Fat.

With the support of the nobles, Arnulf held a Diet at Tribur and deposed Charles in November 887, under threat of military action.

Charles peacefully went into his involuntary retirement, but not without first chastising his nephew for his treachery and asking only for a few royal villas in Swabia, which Arnulf mercifully granted him, on which to live out his final months.

Arnulf, having distinguished himself in the war against the Slavs was elected by the nobles of the realm ( only the eastern realm, though Charles had ruled the whole of the Frankish lands ) and assumed his title of King of East Francia.

Arnulf took advantage of the problems in West Francia upon the death of Charles The Fat to secure the territory of Lorraine, which he converted into a kingdom for his son, Zwentibold.

In addition, in 889, Arnulf supported the claim of Louis the Blind to the kingdom of Provence, after receiving a personal appeal from Louis ’ mother, Ermengard, who came to see Arnulf at Forchheim in May 889.

Recognising the superiority of Arnulf ’ s position, in 888 Odo of France formally admitted the suzerainty of Arnulf.

In 893, Arnulf switched his support from Odo to Charles the Simple after being persuaded by Fulk ( Archbishop of Reims ) that it was in his best interests.

Arnulf then took advantage of the fighting that followed between Odo and Charles in 894, taking territory from West Francia and transferring it to his dominion.

At one point, Charles was forced to flee to Arnulf and ask for his protection.