As Rosa Luxemburg explained in The Mass Strike, when collective strike activity was met with repression from an autocratic state, economic and political demands grew into and reinforced each other.

Besides their opposition to what they saw as an imperialist war, Luxemburg and Liebknecht maintained the need for revolutionary methods, in contrast to the leadership of the SPD, who participated in the parliamentary process.

In 1342 Louis also acquired Tyrol for the Wittelsbach by voiding the first marriage of Margarete Maultasch with John Henry of Bohemia and marrying her to his own son Louis V, thus alienating the house of Luxemburg even more.

Sigismund of Luxemburg KG ( Hungarian: Zsigmond, Croatian: Žigmund, Czech: Zikmund ) ( 14 February 1368 – 9 December 1437 ) was King of Hungary, of Croatia from 1387, of Bohemia from 1419, and Holy Roman Emperor for four years from 1433 until 1437, the last Emperor of the House of Luxemburg.

He writes: " the leading spokesman in the Second International of a revolutionary-democratic Socialism-from-Below Rosa Luxemburg, who so emphatically put her faith and hope in the spontaneous struggle of a free working class that the myth-makers invented for her a ' theory of spontaneity.

The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and Duchy of Limburg ( 1839 – 1867 ) | Limburg in 18391, 2 and 3 United Kingdom of the Netherlands ( until 1830 ) 1 and 2 Netherlands | Kingdom of the Netherlands ( after 1830 ) 2 Duchy of Limburg ( 1839 – 1867 ) ( in the German Confederacy after 1839 as compensation for Waals-Luxemburg ) 3 and 4 Belgium | Kingdom of Belgium ( after 1830 ) 4 and 5 Grand Duchy of Luxembourg ( borders until 1830 ) 4 Luxembourg ( province ) | Province of Luxembourg ( Waals-Luxemburg, to Belgium in 1839 ) 5 Grand Duchy of Luxembourg ( German Luxemburg ; borders after 1839 ) In blue, the borders of the German Confederation.

In his book about Rosa Luxemburg, Paul Frölich quotes several experiences of general strikes, including the Belgian general strike for the universal suffrage in 1893.

Rosa Luxemburg had a different view, criticizing the Belgian Labour Party for perceived tactical incompetence: A general strike forged in advance within the fetters of legality is like a war demonstration with cannons dumped into a river within the very sight of the enemy.

While Luxemburg died in the German Revolution, the reformists soon found themselves contending with the Bolsheviks and their satellite communist parties for the support of the proletariat.

He was working on notes for a future film: Rosa L, based on the life of Rosa Luxemburg, the Polish-German revolutionary socialist.

The notes for Rosa Luxemburg were found next to his body.

Again and again attempts were made on the lives of left-wing, pacifist and even merely liberal politicians and publicists, for example Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, Walther Rathenau, Matthias Erzberger, Hans Paasche and Philipp Scheidemann or Maximilian Harden.

From 25 August to 3 September 1792, he was held at Nivelles ; then transferred to Luxemburg where an Austrian-Prussian-French royalist military tribunal declared him, César de La Tour-Maubourg, Jean Bureaux de Pusy, and Alexandre de Lameth, all previously deputies in the French National Convention, to be " prisoners of state " for their leading roles in the Revolution.

After their deaths, Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht became martyrs for Marxists.

According to the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, commemoration of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht continues to play an important role among the German political left.

Part 3 is the point of departure for a topic given its Marxist treatment later in detail by, among others, Rosa Luxemburg.

Citizens of Luxemburg voted for sewer and water in July 1943 and work was started in 1947 for the village pumping station.

South Luxemburg requested sewer service for 14 homes, 2 taverns, St. Mary's School and a cheese factory in August 1948.

# The Duchy of Limburg ( became a member in 1839 as a compensation for territorial losses in the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg that were caused by the breakup of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.

After their deaths, Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg became martyrs for Marxists.

According to the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, commemoration of Liebknecht and Luxemburg continues to play an important role among the German far-left.

Liebknecht and Luxemburg were captured by Freikorps gangs, on 15 January 1919, with considerable support from Minister of MSPD Defense Gustav Noske, and brought to the Eden Hotel in Berlin, where they were tortured and interrogated for several hours.

** Leone d ' Oro for Best Pavilion: Sun-Mei Tse ( Luxemburg )

An example of this is Holy Trinity Church in Luxemburg, Iowa, which lost its steeple in a fire which was believed to be started by a lightning strike.

After 1945, Ernst Thälmann, and other leading communists who were murdered, such as Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, were widely honoured in East Germany, with many schools, streets, factories, etc., named after them.

In the other hand, in 1439 the queen Elisabeth of Luxemburg ordered to one of her handmaidens to steal the Holy Crown from the palace of Visegrád, and then promoted the coronation of his newborn son Ladislaus V of Hungary, which was effectuated legitimately in Székesfehérvár by the Archbishop of Esztergom.

At the same time, the Spartakusbund, led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, separated from the USPD again as well to merge with other left wing groups and form the KPD ( Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands, " Communist Party of Germany ").

The Second International dissolved during the war, while Lenin, Trotsky, Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, together with a small number of other Marxists opposed to the war, came together in the Zimmerwald Conference in September 1915.

Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, together with a small number of other Marxists opposed to the war, came together in the Zimmerwald Conference in September 1915.

It was originally a New Left organization influenced by Trotskyist ideas as well as those of other Marxists such as Rosa Luxemburg, but opposed other New Left organizations which LaRouche said were dominated by the Ford Foundation, Institute for Policy Studies and Herbert Marcuse.

During the First World War Zetkin, along with Karl Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg and other influential SPD politicians, rejected the party's policy of Burgfrieden ( a truce with the government, promising to refrain from any strikes during the war ).

Jogiches and Luxemburg fell in love with each other, a love that lasted their whole lives, through difficulties, and even if they never became a real couple.

Other Marxists opposed Bernstein and other revisionists, with many, including Karl Kautsky, Otto Bauer, Rudolf Hilferding, Rosa Luxemburg, Vladimir Lenin, and Georgi Plekhanov sticking steadfast to the concept of violently overthrowing what they saw as the bourgeoisie-controlled government and instead establishing a " dictatorship of the proletariat.

While in prison he became close with other revolutionaries, and was visited by Rosa Luxemburg.

Through her cinematic vision, von Trotta returns to the theme of “ the political and the personal ,” giving fair attention to both Rosa Luxemburg ’ s personal life as a female in society and her political life as a “ public revolutionary .” Rosa Luxemburg was nominated for the Palme d ' Or at Cannes Film Festival in 1986.

Rosa Luxemburg and Henryk Grossman both rendered inestimable theoretical services by insisting, as against the revisionists, on the breakdown theory .”

The people featured as cards in the set are: René Descartes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire, Mary Wollstonecraft, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Pierre Joseph Proudhon, Sojourner Truth, Karl Marx, Sitting Bull, Rosa Luxemburg, Peter Kropotkin, Emma Goldman, Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., Bertrand Russell, Michel Foucault, and Avram Noam Chomsky.

After the death of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII, the Luxemburg party among the prince electors set aside Henry's son, the Bohemian king John of Luxemburg, because of his youth and chose Louis as rival king to Frederick the Fair, the cousin of Louis.

) in the Netherlands, that carries to four the number of companies still in service in 2012 into the Benelux without any co-worker who works on it ( Norampac Luxembourg Sarl was closed in September 2008 by incorporation into Cascades Luxembourg Sarl ( new capital February 2012: USD 64 933 600, 00 ) and beginning of February 2012, Cascades Canada Inc Luxemburg Branch changed her name for Cascades Canada ULC Luxembourg Branch ( with a Capital of CAD 1 621 647 829, 00 ).

She was born Lilian Steichen, her parents immigrants from Luxemburg.

Her mother called her Paus'l, a Luxemburg endearment meaning `` pussycat ''.

This family of Luxemburg immigrants, in fact, produced two exceptional children.

Socialist leaders in Milwaukee recognized her worth, not only because of her dedication but because of her fluency in German, French, and Luxemburg.

Die Standardsprache in Österreich, der Schweiz und Deutschland sowie in Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, Ostbelgien und Südtirol.

They received considerable support from Minister of Defense Gustav Noske, a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, who used them to crush the German Revolution of 1918 – 1919 and the Marxist Spartacist League and arrest Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, who were killed on 15 January 1919.

It therefore proved somewhat damaging that Sigismund of Luxemburg ( king 1410, emperor 1433 – 37 ) and Frederick III of Habsburg ( king 1440, emperor 1452 – 93 ) neglected the old core lands of the empire and mostly resided in their own lands.

* 1919 – Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, two of the most prominent socialists in Germany, are tortured and murdered by the Freikorps at the end of the Spartacist uprising.

Charles ' son and future Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund of Luxemburg was engaged and married, as a child, to Louis ' daughter and future Queen Mary.

At the same time, Radek had supported the Warsaw opposition to the leadership of the SDKPiL ( around Rosa Luxemburg and Leo Jogiches ), and was expelled on charges of having formerly stolen clothes, books and money from party members.

On December 16, 1920, Luxemburg became a member of the League of Nations.

Vital statistics of Luxemburg 1900 till present.

Luxemburg ’ s workerism and spontaneism are exemplary of positions later taken up by the far-left of the period – Pannekoek, Roland Holst, and Gorter in Holland, Sylvia Pankhurst in Britain, Gramsci in Italy, Lukacs in Hungary.

Although she lived before left communism became a distinct tendency, Rosa Luxemburg has heavily influenced most left communists, both politically and theoretically.

Those who opposed the war, such as Vladimir Lenin and Rosa Luxemburg, saw themselves as further to the left.

Many notable leftists have been strong supporters of gender equality, such as: the Marxists Rosa Luxemburg, Clara Zetkin and Alexandra Kollontai, the anarchist Emma Goldman, and the socialists Helen Keller and Annie Besant.

The costs of this Commission are met by all these countries, in proportion of their own territory into the basin of the Meuse: The Netherlands and Wallonia 30 %, France 15 %, Germany 14. 5 %, Flanders 5 %, Brussels 4. 5 %, Kingdom of Belgium and Luxemburg 0. 5 %.

They received considerable support from Gustav Noske, the German Defence Minister who used them to crush the Spartakist League with enormous violence, including the murders of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg on January 15, 1919.

Lenin and a small group of anti-war socialist leaders, including Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, denounced established socialist leaders of having betrayed the socialist ideal via their support of the war.

A consortium of nations consisting of Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemburg, Canada, France, Greece, Italy, Norway, Portugal, and Spain own and operate this system.

Rosa Luxemburg, prominent Marxist revolutionary, martyr and leader of the German Spartacist uprising, 1919.

Their many successes included the papers of Rosa Luxemburg, the Goebbels diaries, and the records of the Russian secret police in Paris.