Since this book is concerned only incidentally with railroad rates, it will not attempt to analyze the methods by which the staff of the Interstate Commerce Commission has estimated out-of-pocket costs and apportioned residue costs.

Moreover, whereas in Interstate Commerce Commission parlance `` variable cost '' means a cost deemed to vary in direct proportion to changes in rate of output, in the type of analysis now under review `` variable cost '' has been used more broadly, so as to cover costs which, while a function of some one variable ( such as output of energy, or number of customers ), are not necessarily a linear function.

The Commission ruled that the licence fee should be considered state aid but that such aid was justified due to the public service remit of the BBC and that it did not exceed actual costs.

In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission in 2005 changed channelization and licensing costs in a nearby band ( 1920 MHz – 1930 MHz, or 1. 9 GHz ), known as Unlicensed Personal Communications Services ( UPCS ), allowing DECT devices to be sold in the U. S. with only minimal changes.

In July 2010 the European Commission estimated further delays and additional costs of the project to grow up to € 1. 5 -€ 1. 7 billion and moved the estimated date of completion to 2018.

Additional costs are incurred from separate ministries and organizations such as the National Capital Commission, the Department of National Defence, and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

However the Commission has proposed that the one -, two -, and five-cent coins have a common design to keep costs down.

Due to the expense of producing such low value coinage, the Commission with some member states have proposed that costs could be cut by having a common design on both sides of these coins, rather than minting numerous different designs.

The difference of production costs was calculated by the Tariff Commission.

The Commission pays for itself by recovering costs directly from the industries it regulates through annual charges and fees.

Just at the time the Forward Markets Commission ( India ) was established, the government felt that derivative markets increased speculation which led to increased costs and price instabilities.

The Aeronautics Commission also provided a $ 275, 000 state grant to help in the construction costs, while the City of Shawnee paid for the remaining amount.

The Government of Canada agreed to grant an annual subsidy to the Harbour Commission to operate the airport, while the Government of Ontario agreed to pay for the costs of the airport ferry.

The United States Capitol Preservation Commission provided $ 780, 000 in privately raised funds, which covered all project costs.

In early 1991 both Montana Rail Link and Wisconsin Central asked the Interstate Commerce Commission ( ICC ) to increase the minimum annual operating revenue criteria ( then established at $ 93. 5 million USD ) in order to avoid being re-designated as Class I, due to increased administrative and legal costs resulting from different regulations.

In France Telecom SA v. Commission a broadband internet company was forced to pay € 10. 35 million for dropping its prices below its own production costs.

On top of that, on 8 July 2008 the European Commission and OLAF were condemned to pay the legal costs plus 56, 000 euros to Eurostat's director-general Mr. Franchet and its director Mr. Byk in the judgement of case T-48 / 05 of the European Court of First Instance.

It has no legal powers – all newspapers and magazines voluntarily contribute to the costs of, and adhere to the rulings of, the Commission, making the industry self-regulating.

The project attracted £ 30 million funding from the Millennium Commission and £ 1 million from Manchester City Council towards the running costs.

However in France Telecom SA v. Commission a broadband internet company was forced to pay € 10. 35 million for dropping its prices below its own production costs.

The European Commission allowed the Irish Government on 10 August 2010 to temporarily grant € 10 billion to Anglo Irish Bank-this included an additional € 1. 4 billion sought by Ireland to allow the nationalised bank meet its regulatory capital requirements in light of increased costs associated with transferring loans to the National Asset Management Agency.

However, in Fiscal Year 2011 / 2012 The Rail Commission will pay close attention to the relationship between ridership, the stabilisation ( or rise ) in employment levels in the Silicon Valley and Tri-Valley areas, and fuel costs, and report on ways the implementation of a fourth train could be realised.

Inflation struck the American economy, and when in 1906 Congress empowered the Interstate Commerce Commission ( ICC ) to set maximum shipping rates, the rail firms had difficulty securing revenue sufficient to keep pace with rising costs.

This tied in closely with the current attempt to upgrade state-owned cars to the extent that vehicles are not retained beyond the point where maintenance costs ( in light of depreciation ) become excessive.

Its elimination would result in the saving of interest costs, heavy when short-term money rates are high, and in freedom from dependence on credit which is not always available when needed most.

-- About 30% of the expenditures for the Department of Defense in 1961 are for military personnel costs, including pay for active, reserve, and retired military personnel.

Retired pay costs are increased by $94 million in 1961 over 1960, partly because of a substantial increase in the number of retired personnel.

These increased costs are partially offset by a decrease of $56 million in expenditures for the reserve forces, largely because of the planned reduction in strength of the Army Reserve components during 1961.

Some distribution costs are kept up by competitive pressure, some by the fact that the customers have come to expect certain niceties and flourishes.

Distribution costs are almost bound to increase in the sixties -- and you will never know what you can do to control them unless you study each element and experiment with alternative ways of doing the job.

Finally, maintenance costs on plastic signs are much lower than on fragile neon signs.

But now many of these same builders are finding they can cut their costs more by teaming up with a dealer who has volume enough to afford the most efficient specialized equipment to deliver everything just where it is needed -- drywall inside the house, siding along the sides, trusses on the walls, roofing on the roof, etc..

The basic costs are generally pretty much the same regardless of the agency through which you reserve your car, but some of them offer supplementary advantages.

The variable costs alone are assigned to the different units of freight traffic as representing `` long-run out-of-pocket costs '' -- a term with a meaning here not distinctly different from that of the economist's `` long-run marginal costs ''.

and a mere cost apportionment which somehow spreads among the classes and units of service even those costs that are strictly unallocable from the standpoint of specific cost determination.

Instead, all of the total costs are treated as variable costs, although these costs are divided into costs that are deemed to be functions of different variables.

* In Ming Dynasty China, the costs of the courier system are met by a tax in silver on land instead of corvée labor service.

In the basic assumption of fight-flight, the group behaves as though it has met to preserve itself at all costs, and that this can only be done by running away from someone or fighting someone or something.

Some also have real-time performance constraints that must be met, for reasons such as safety and usability ; others may have low or no performance requirements, allowing the system hardware to be simplified to reduce costs.

Passive solar fraction ( PSF ) is the percentage of the required heat load met by PSH and hence represents potential reduction in heating costs.

Considering its $ 72 million budget costs, the film was considered a strong financial success after its theatrical run, and was generally met with mixed to positive critical reviews before its initial screening in cinemas, with critics praising its atmosphere and story but criticising its script and performances.

A new Parliament met in November 1710 with a resolve to attend to national finances which had suffered significantly from the costs of war with France.

There were plans floated to end late night service due to costs in 2011, but they was met with resistance by riders.

Moreover, until now the costs of the last volume had been met by Praenumeration advances on the next volume.

The costs of the conference were met by the English bishops and a programme of excursions was organised by J. G. Talbot, M. P.

A similar alternative for arranging funders of public goods production, which is especially applicable to information goods, is to produce the good but refuse to release it to the public until some form of payment to cover costs is met.

Other conditions, including payment of administrative costs and presenting a working prototype, were also not met by Eller Industries.

One fifth of the capital costs are met by private business sponsors, who also own or lease the buildings.

The rest of the capital costs, and all running costs, are met by the Department.

Because it does not accept advertisements ( being free of sponsors ), being entirely privately owned ( the same ,) and because its publishing costs are met by its sales, Le Canard Enchaîné is considered one of ( if not the ) most objective French publication — hence its continued existence.

When energy costs are met easily and painlessly, benefit / cost ratio to social investments can be substantially ignored ( as it has been in contemporary industrial agriculture ).

In the early years, many projects encountered problems: lands or soils included in projects were unsuitable for irrigation ; land speculation sometimes resulted in poor settlement patterns ; proposed repayment schedules could not be met by irrigators who had high land-preparation and facilities-construction costs ; settlers were inexperienced in irrigation farming ; waterlogging of irrigable lands required expensive drainage projects ; and projects were built in areas which could only grow low-value crops.

In the first few years the rent and other costs exceeded the allowance at that time but I met these extra costs personally.

Members of the public responded to Somersett's plight by sending money to pay for his lawyers ( who in the event all gave their services pro bono publico ), while Stuart's costs were met by the West Indian planters and merchants.

It met with considerable resistance due to costs, but was enacted by the Maine Legislature.

Most premises were lent free of rent and in some cases owners also met the costs of heating and lighting.

This means that all the operating costs of the schools are met by the Government of New Zealand, although the site and buildings continue to be owned by the local bishop or a religious order

The deal with the Football Conference is a revenue sharing arrangement whereby clubs receive 50 % of revenue from subscriptions, on top of the normal rights fee paid by the broadcaster, once the costs of production have been met.