A year later, in 1965, Joseph Weizenbaum at MIT wrote ELIZA, an interactive program that carried on a dialogue in English on any topic, the most popular being psychotherapy.

As William Clocksin wrote in 2003: " the framework starts from Weizenbaum ’ s observation that intelligence manifests itself only relative to specific social and cultural contexts ".

The examples Aarseth gives include a diverse group of texts: wall inscriptions of the temples in ancient Egypt that are connected two-dimensionally ( on one wall ) or three dimensionally ( from wall to wall or room to room ); the I Ching ; Apollinaire ’ s Calligrammes in which the words of the poem “ are spread out in several directions to form a picture on the page, with no clear sequence in which to be read ”; Marc Saporta ’ s Composition No. 1, Roman, a novel with shuffleable pages ; Raymond Queneau ’ s One Hundred Thousand Billion Poems ; B. S. Johnson ’ s The Unfortunates ; Milorad Pavic ’ s Landscape Painted with Tea ; Joseph Weizenbaum ’ s ELIZA ; Ayn Rand ’ s play Night of January 16th, in which members of the audience form a jury and choose one of two endings ; William Chamberlain and Thomas Etter ’ s Racter ; Michael Joyce ’ s Afternoon: a story ; Roy Trubshaw and Richard Bartle ’ s Multi-User Dungeon ( aka MUD1 ); and James Aspnes ’ s TinyMUD.

" ELIZA was implemented using simple pattern matching techniques, but was taken seriously by several of its users, even after Weizenbaum explained to them how it worked.

ELIZA worked by simple parsing and substitution of key words into canned phrases and Weizenbaum sidestepped the problem of giving the program a database of real-world knowledge or a rich lexicon.

Later on, in 1966 another MIT professor by the name of Joseph Weizenbaum published a simple program called ELIZA which performed natural language processing.

In the 1976 article " Computer Power and Human Reason ," an excerpt of which is included in The New Media Reader edited by Noah Wardrip-Fruin and Nick Montfort, Weizenbaum notes how quickly and deeply people became emotionally involved with the computer program, taking offence when he asked to view the transcripts, saying it was an invasion of their privacy, even asking him to leave the room while they were working with the DOCTOR script.

The effect is named for the 1966 chatterbot ELIZA, developed by MIT computer scientist Joseph Weizenbaum.

* 1923 – Joseph Weizenbaum, German-American author and computer scientist ( d. 2008 )

Joseph Weizenbaum ( 8 January 1923, Berlin-5 March 2008, Ludwigsfelde-Gröben near Berlin ) was a German-American author and professor emeritus of computer science at MIT.

In the year 1976 Joseph Weizenbaum made his second significant addition to the field of computer ethics.

He appears in an independent documentary film called Plug & Pray, where he talks about the impact of ELIZA, a famous computer program published by Joseph Weizenbaum in 1966.

The processing model was a two-pass keyword / keyphrase matching approach, based loosely on the algorithms employed in Weizenbaum ’ s famous Eliza program.

In the independent documentary film Plug & Pray ( 2010 ) Weizenbaum said that only people who misunderstood ELIZA called it a sensation.

ELIZA was written at MIT by Joseph Weizenbaum between 1964 and 1966.

Weizenbaum said that ELIZA, running the DOCTOR script, provided a " parody " of " the responses of a nondirectional psychotherapist in an initial psychiatric interview.

Lay responses to ELIZA were disturbing to Weizenbaum and motivated him to write his book Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation, in which he explains the limits of computers, as he wants to make clear in people's minds his opinion that the anthropomorphic views of computers are just a reduction of the human being and any life form for that matter.

In 1988 the British artist and friend of Weizenbaum Brian Reffin Smith created and showed at the exhibition ' Salamandre ', in the Musée du Berry, Bourges, France, two art-oriented ELIZA-style programs written in BASIC, one called ' Critic ' and the other ' Artist ', running on two separate Amiga 1000 computers.

* Weizenbaum.

Rebel at work-Peter Haas, Silvia Holzinger, Documentary film with Joseph Weizenbaum and ELIZA.

The Weizenbaum Award is named after him.

Weizenbaum returned to earn his M. S.

Weizenbaum modeled its conversational style after Carl Rogers, who introduced the use of open-ended questions to encourage patients to communicate more effectively with therapists.

Some notably successful NLP systems developed in the 1960s were SHRDLU, a natural language system working in restricted " blocks worlds " with restricted vocabularies, and ELIZA, a simulation of a Rogerian psychotherapist, written by Joseph Weizenbaum between 1964 to 1966.

In 2010, an independent documentary film called Plug & Pray premiered at the Seattle International Film Festival, in which Kurzweil and one of his major critics, the late Joseph Weizenbaum, argue about the benefits of eternal life.

Among GE's team members was AI pioneer Joseph Weizenbaum.

* Documentary film with and about Joseph Weizenbaum ( " Weizenbaum.

Some notable recipients include David Parnas, Joseph Weizenbaum, Kristen Nygaard, Barbara Simons, Antonia Stone, Peter G. Neumann, Marc Rotenberg, Mitch Kapor, and Douglas Engelbart.

So impressive were those serious years of study at the university that Hans later wrote, `` to be perfectly free, the young man must revel in the great kingdom of thought and imagination ; ;

Thus in Mary wrote an account of the trip first strong stress on Mary marks Mary as the first in a series of people who wrote accounts of the trip, strong stress on wrote marks the writing as the first of a series of actions of Mary's concerned with an account of her trip ( about which she may later have made speeches, for example ), and strong stress on trip makes the trip the first of a series of subjects about which Mary wrote accounts.

Many years later ( on August 3, 1915 ), Lucy Upton wrote Winslow's daughter soon to be graduated from Smith College: `` While I love botany which, after dabbling in for years, I studied according to the methods of that day exactly forty years ago in a summer school, it must be fascinating to take up zoology in the way you are doing.

Couperin and Rameau gave titles to nearly everything they wrote, not in the later sense of `` program music '' but as a kind of nonmusical reference for the close, clear musical forms filled with keen wit and precise utterance.

In 730, while still living in Damascus, Alhazred supposedly wrote a book of ultimate evil in Arabic, al-Azif, which would later become known as the Necronomicon.

Schiller later wrote the play William Tell romanticising Swiss independence.

While accompanying Mallowan on countless archaeological trips ( spending up to 3 – 4 months at a time in Syria and Iraq at excavation sites at Ur, Ninevah, Tell Arpachiyah, Chagar Bazar, Tell Brak, and Nimrud ), Christie not only wrote novels and short stories, but also contributed work to the archaeological sites, more specifically to the archaeological restoration and labeling of ancient exhibits which includes tasks such as cleaning and conserving delicate ivory pieces, reconstructing pottery, developing photos from early excavations which later led to taking photographs of the site and its findings, and taking field notes.

Christie wrote that Poirot is a Roman Catholic, and gave her character a strong sense of Catholic morality later in works.

" Karpov acknowledged that his understanding of chess theory was very confused at that time, and wrote later that the homework which Botvinnik assigned greatly helped him, since it required that he consult chess books and work diligently.

Louisa May Alcott, who was ten years old at the time, later wrote of the experience in Transcendental Wild Oats ( 1873 ): " The band of brothers began by spading garden and field ; but a few days of it lessened their ardor amazingly.

* Edinburgh University wrote compilers for Algol60 ( later updated for Algol60M ) based on their Atlas Autocode compilers initially bootstrapped from the Atlas to the KDF-9.

129 ) indicate that the poet, his brothers and Pittacus made plans to overthrow him and that Pittacus subsequently betrayed them ; Alcaeus and his brothers fled into exile where the poet later wrote a drinking song in celebration of the news of the tyrant's death ( frag.

Smiley later wrote to Johnson, saying he was ready to fight ; a potential duel was prevented by the intervention of Washington Burrow and Benjamin F. Cheatham.

He later sent a letter to Yeshaq's successor Zara Yaqob in 1450, in which he wrote that he would be happy to send artisans to Ethiopia if their safe arrival could be guaranteed, but it probably never reached the Emperor.

In a later chapter, he wrote:

Several later artists or scholars both created art and wrote about the creation of it.

Apollos and Paul were both in Ephesus at the time Paul wrote the letter ( 55 AD ); 16: 12 states Apollos was unwilling to go to Corinth yet at Paul's urging, but that he would later when he had an opportunity.

During 1976, Grant wrote her first song (" Mountain Man "), performed in public for the first time — at Harpeth Hall School — the all-girls school she attended, recorded a demo tape for her parents with church youth-leader Brown Bannister, then later when Bannister was dubbing a copy of the tape, Chris Christian, the owner of the recording studio, heard the demo and called Word Records.

He later wrote: " After more than forty years, we have had no third world war, and the balance of nuclear terror ... may have helped to prevent one.

They started out translating N. W. A songs to Dutch, though later wrote their own rhymes in Dutch.

The technique — as invigorating as it was unorthodox — was later adopted by cartoonists like Walt Kelly and Garry Trudeau ," wrote comic strip historian Rick Marschall.

In 2000, Benny wrote the music for fellow Swede ( no relation ) Roy Andersson's film Songs from the Second Floor ( the music later re-recorded, featuring new lyrics, with BAO!