* Ruth Carol Taylor, first verified African-American stewardess, hired by Mohawk Airlines in 1958

American John Taylor was a member of the winning medley relay team, making him the first African-American athlete to win an Olympic gold medal.

Okeh had further prominence in the demographic, as African-American artists such as Sara Martin, Eva Taylor, Shelton Brooks, Esther Bigeou, and Handy ’ s Orchestra recorded exclusively for the label.

Taylor was the first African-American athlete to achieve the level of world champion and only the second black man to win a world championship — after Canadian boxer George Dixon.

* The first African-American cycling club named in honor of Major Taylor was organized in Columbus, Ohio, in 1979.

In buying and selling land on the frontier, Taylor acquired and 20 African-American slaves by the end of the first decade of the 19th century, thus entering the planter class.

He was passed the baton by fellow Irish American Athletic Club member John Baxter Taylor, Jr., who would become the first African-American to win an Olympic Gold medal.

On February 11, 1958, Ruth Carol Taylor was hired by Mohawk Airlines, becoming the first African-American flight attendant in the United States.

" He cites George Jones ( also a Beaumont native ) as a primary influence, as well as James Taylor and Bob Seger ; he has also said that, because he grew up in a largely African-American neighborhood, his singing style was influenced by rhythm and blues music.

Sutton and Jones were joined by over fifty shareholders including legendary disk jockey Hal Jackson ; Sutton's fellow " Gang of Four " member David Dinkins, who would later become New York's first African-American mayor ; Wilbert ( Bill ) Tatum, who succeeded Jones as publisher of the Amsterdam News ; future New York state senator and comptroller Carl McCall ; Betty Shabazz, the widow of Black Muslim minister and civil rights leader Malcolm X, and musicians Billy Taylor and Roberta Flack.

Carnegie was a large benefactor of the Tuskegee Institute under Booker T. Washington for African-American education.

The distinctive “ double-pull ” format that typifies most of these songs — also at times used, with slight changes, for pumps, windlass, and capstan, too — was a later development that appears to owe much to African-American work songs.

" It concluded, among other things, that Head Start programs designed to boost African-American IQ scores had failed, and that this was likely never to be remedied, largely because, in Jensen's estimation, 80 % of the variance in IQ in the population studied was the result of genetic factors and the remainder was due to environmental influences.

It is a common misconception that Jackie Robinson was the first African-American major-league ballplayer ; he was actually only the first after a long gap ( and the first in the modern era ).

Walsh was viewed as a strong advocate for African-American head coaches in the NFL and NCAA.

One of the results of the one-drop rule was uniting the African-American community.

Charles Henry Alston ( November 28, 1907 – April 27, 1977 ) was an African-American painter, sculptor, illustrator, muralist and teacher who lived and worked in the New York City neighborhood of Harlem.

The second development was the rise of the African-American civil rights movement, environmentalism, and consumerism.

Full enfranchisement of citizens was not secured until after the African-American Civil Rights Movement ( 1955 – 1968 ) gained passage by the United States Congress of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Another guest who never appeared on the show because of the controversy surrounding him was legendary African-American singer-actor Paul Robeson, who, at the time of the Draper incident, was undergoing his own troubles with the industry's hunt for Communist sympathizers.

It was dominated by " hard " electro beats of the type used primarily in African-American rap music, yet was mostly produced, sung, DJed and appreciated by Latinos.

" He was also heavily influenced by an African-American dancer Dancing Dotson, whom he saw at Loew's Penn Theatre around 1929, and was briefly taught by Frank Harrington, an African-American tap specialist from New York.

One of his students was William Seymour, an African-American preacher.

It appears that Parsons was mostly apolitical, although he did refer to one of the younger African-American butlers in the Connor household as being " like a brother " to him in an interview.

Local officials brutalized blacks and prevented them from leaving relief camps, aid meant for African-American sharecroppers was often given to the landowners instead, and many times black males were conscripted by locals into forced labor, sometimes at gun point.

Booker T. Washington was the previous African-American to have dined at the White House, with Theodore Roosevelt in 1901.

It was initially popularized circa 1984 in discothèques catering to gay and mixed, primarily African-American and Latino audiences in Chicago, but beginning in 1985, fanned out to other major cities such as Detroit, Toronto, New York City, Boston, Montreal, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Manchester, Miami, London, and Paris.

In 1952, African-American singer and activist Paul Robeson, banned from international travel during the Red Scares, performed several concerts at the site.

Shortly thereafter, the American Association and the National League both unofficially banned African-American players, making the adoption of racism in baseball complete.

Shortly thereafter, the American Association and the National League both unofficially banned African-American players, making the adoption of Jim Crow in baseball complete.

He banned the NAACP from operating in the state of Alabama and blocked boycotts by the African-American community in Tuskegee and the capital city of Montgomery.

Following the African-American Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, United Artists banned Tin Pan Alley Cats, along with the rest of the " Censored Eleven ", from American television in 1968.

* John the Conqueror also known as High John the Conqueror, and many other folk variants, is a folk hero from African-American folklore.

But, particularly in the United States and Canada, the racial or ethnic classification also refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have African ancestry, or to exhibit cultural traits associated with being " African-American ".

Increases in the number of immigrants to the United States from Africa, the Caribbean and Latin America have brought up questions about who uses the term African-American.

Post Civil War, as the volunteer armies disbanded, the regular army cavalry regiments increased in number from six to ten, among them the U. S. 7th Cavalry Regiment of Little Bighorn fame, and the African-American U. S. 9th Cavalry Regiment and U. S. 10th Cavalry Regiment.

Most of the free African-American families in Delaware before the Revolution had migrated from Maryland to find more affordable land.

Joining him are other competitors including Roper ( John Saxon ), a down-on-his-luck white American playboy-gambler on the run from the mob, and Williams ( Jim Kelly ), an African-American activist on the run after defending himself against two racist white policemen in Los Angeles.

* Tom Wolfe, who earned a Ph. D. in American Studies from Yale, named the African-American Atlanta police chief in A Man in Full Elihu Yale.

Note that the aspectual systems of certain dialects of English, such as African-American Vernacular English ( see for example habitual be ), and of creoles based on English vocabulary, such as Hawaiian Creole English, are quite different from those of standard English, and often distinguish aspect at the expense of tense.

This led to an African-American backlash in the 1932 election that shifted allegiance from the Republican party to the Democrats.

A member on the Indiana State Sycamores ' team was Clarence Walker, an African-American athlete from East Chicago, Indiana.

Despite Kemp's voice on minority issues, Colin Powell's support and polls that showed about 30 % of blacks identified themselves as conservatives on issues such as school prayer, school vouchers and criminal justice, the Republicans were unable to improve upon historical support levels from African-American voters.

Kwanzaa is a week-long celebration held in the United States and Canada honoring African Canadian and African-American heritage and culture, observed from December 26 to January 1 each year.

The wealthy African-American shipowner Paul Cuffee thought this was a worthwhile exercise, and with support from certain members of Congress and British officials conveyed 38 American Blacks to Freetown in 1816 at his own expense.

The school's name was changed to the Maria L. Baldwin School on May 21, 2002, in honor of the African-American principal of the school who served from 1889 until 1922.

* 1775 – African-American poet Phillis Wheatley freed from slavery.

African-American women developed a distinctive style of quilting, notably different from the style most strongly associated with the Amish.

" Jazz, which developed from the blues and other African-American and European musical traditions and originated around the beginning of the 20th century, has also influenced hip hop and has been cited as a precursor of hip hop.

The rabbit as trickster appears in American popular culture ; for example the Br ' er Rabbit character from African-American folktales and Disney animation ; and the Warner Bros. cartoon character Bugs Bunny.

Foods such as corn and cassava from the Americas, turnips from Morocco, and cabbage from Portugal would play an important part in the history of African-American cooking.

* 1962 – James Meredith, an African-American, is temporarily barred from entering the University of Mississippi.