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As digital cinema catches on, the physical reel is being replaced by a virtual format called Digital Cinema Package, which can be distributed using any storage media ( such as hard drives ) or data transfer medium ( such as the Internet or satellite links ) and projected using a digital projector instead of a conventional movie projector.
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digital and cinema
Digital cinema refers to the use of digital technology to capture, distribute, or project motion pictures.
In digital cinema, resolutions are represented by the horizontal pixel count, usually 2K ( 2048 × 1080 or 2. 2 megapixels ) or 4K ( 4096 × 2160 or 8. 8 megapixels ).
Key highlights in the development of digital cinema would likely include: demonstrations by TI of their DMD technology, real-time playback of compressed hi-resolution files by various vendors, and early HD presentations from D5 tape to digital projectors.
The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers began work on standards for digital cinema in 2000.
It was clear by that point in time that HDTV did not provide a sufficient technological basis for the foundation of digital cinema playback.
Digital Cinema Initiatives ( DCI ) was formed in March 2002 as a joint project of many motion picture studios ( Disney, Fox, MGM, Paramount, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Universal, and Warner Bros. Studios ) to develop a system specification for digital cinema.
* On June 18, 1999, realization of the first digital cinema projection in United States with Texas Instruments DLP Cinema technology.
* On February 2, 2000, Philippe Binant, technical manager of Digital Cinema Project at Gaumont in France, realized the first digital cinema projection in Europe with the Texas Instruments mark V prototype projector.
The systems were eventually replaced or upgraded after TI made improvements to the projectors and Technicolor developed a purpose-built digital cinema server in a venture with Qualcomm.
The new systems were called AMS for Auditorium Management Systems and were the first digital cinema servers designed to be user friendly and operate reliably in a computer-hostile environment such as a projection booth, especially some union booths.
On 2002, the first secure encrypted digital cinema feature was Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones by Cinecomm Digital Cinema ( then led by Russell J. Wintner ).
To match or improve the theater experience of movie audiences, a digital cinema system must provide high-quality image and sound.
Digital Cinema Initiatives ( DCI ), a joint venture of the six major studios, published a system specification for digital cinema.
Digital cinema conforming to the DCI Standard is referred to within the film industry as D-Cinema while all other forms of digital cinema are referred to as E-Cinema.
The document addresses the requirements of digital cinema systems from the operational needs of the exhibitor, focusing on areas not addressed by DCI, including access for the visually impaired and hearing impaired, workflow inside the cinema, and equipment interoperability.
In particular, NATO's document details requirements for the Theatre Management System ( TMS ), the governing software for digital cinema systems within a theatre complex, and provides direction for the development of security key management systems.
The end result of post-production is a digital intermediate used to record the motion picture to film and / or for the digital cinema release.
The HD video opera transmissions are presented via the same HD digital cinema projectors used for major Hollywood films.
DCI was created " to establish and document voluntary specifications for an open architecture for digital cinema that ensures a uniform and high level of technical performance, reliability and quality control.
This is the case for both physical film and digital cinema systems.
Wenders admired the dance choreographer Pina Bausch since 1985, but only with the advent of digital 3-D cinema did he decide that he could sufficiently capture her work on screen.
digital and on
The set of equations ( 5 ), ( 6 ), and the starting equation ( 7 ) is of a recursive type well suited to programming on the digital computer.
Although digital setting circles can be used to display a telescope's RA and Dec coordinates, they are not simply a digital read-out of what can be seen on the telescope's analog setting circles.
The band completed their third album and released it exclusively digital on August 29, 2009.
The AFI Digital Content Lab is a research and development facility for digital media located on the LA campus.
It differs from a digital signal, in which a continuous quantity is represented by a discrete function which can only take on one of a finite number of values.
An audio file format is a file format for storing digital audio data on a computer system.
* iklax – An iKlax Media proprietary format, the iKlax format is a multi-track digital audio format allowing various actions on musical data, for instance on mixing and volumes arrangements.
Analog processors operate directly on the electrical signal, while digital processors operate mathematically on the digital representation of that signal.
For this reason many people refer to any 625 / 25 type signal as " PAL " and to any 525 / 30 signal as " NTSC ", even when referring to digital signals, for example, on DVD-Video which don't contain any analog color encoding, thus no PAL or NTSC signals at all.
* The 5200's analog joysticks appeared as pairs of paddles to the hardware, which required different input handling to the traditional digital joystick input on the 400 / 800.
To combat this, they included a digital signature protection method which prevented unauthorized 7800 games from being played on the system.
When a cartridge was inserted into the system, the 7800 BIOS included code which would generate a digital signature of the cartridge ROM and compare it to the signature stored on the cartridge.
AMPS networks have been replaced by digital networks based on standards including Digital AMPS, GSM, and CDMA2000 which brought improved security as well as increased capacity.
OnStar transitioned to digital service with the help of data transport technology developed by Airbiquity, but warned customers who could not be upgraded to digital that their service would permanently expire on January 1, 2008.
Authors may post the documents on their own websites, but they are required to link back to the digital library's reference page for the paper.
In the early 1960s, AT & T introduced digital telephony first on long-distance trunk lines.
More recently, software with similar capabilities has been developed to allow manipulation of digital audio files stored on computers using turntables with special vinyl records ( e. g. Final Scratch, M-Audio Torq, Serato Scratch Live ) or computer interface ( e. g. Traktor DJ Studio, Mixxx, Virtual DJ ).
Limitations with mp3-player DJing equipment has meant that only second generation equipment such as the IDJ2 or the Cortex Dmix-300 have the pitch control that alters tempo and allows for beatmatching on a digital music player.
The " red button " name refers to the common interface on remote controls for digital televisions and set-top boxes, a red button, which launches digital teletext services.
digital and physical
On slower or congested links ( 622 Mbit / s and below ), ATM does make sense, and for this reason most asymmetric digital subscriber line ( ADSL ) systems use ATM as an intermediate layer between the physical link layer and a Layer 2 protocol like PPP or Ethernet.
Examples of such physical systems include digital computers, mechanical computers, quantum computers, DNA computers, molecular computers, analog computers or wetware computers.
In computing, memory refers to the physical devices used to store programs ( sequences of instructions ) or data ( e. g. program state information ) on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a computer or other digital electronic device.
Development of computer control tools posed a requirement of discrete control system engineering because the communications between the computer-based digital controller and the physical system are governed by a computer clock.
Other techniques, such as wavetable synthesis and physical modeling, only became possible with the advent of high-speed microprocessor and digital signal processing technology.
It is frequently cited as an example of digital obsolescence on account of the physical medium used for data storage.
Digital circuits are the most common physical representation of Boolean algebra, and are the basis of all digital computers.
With the advent of digital intermediate (" DI "), the physical negative does not necessarily need to be physically cut and hot spliced together ; rather the negative is optically scanned into computer ( s ) and a cut list is conformed by a DI editor.
The use of digital methods for storing and retrieving information has led to the phenomenon of digital obsolescence, where a digital resource ceases to be readable because the physical media, the reader required to read the media, the hardware, or the software that runs on it, is no longer available.
It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both.
They are extending services beyond the physical walls of a building, by providing material accessible by electronic means, and by providing the assistance of librarians in navigating and analyzing very large amounts of information with a variety of digital tools.
The library provides a " gateway " for students and researchers to access various resources, both print / physical and digital.
The shift to digital libraries has greatly impacted the way people use physical libraries.
It is generally considered that future citizens of a molecular-nanotechnological society would still need money, in the form of unforgeable digital cash or physical specie ( in special circumstances ).
Analog and digital modulation facilitate frequency division multiplexing ( FDM ), where several low pass information signals are transferred simultaneously over the same shared physical medium, using separate passband channels ( several different carrier frequencies ).
In digital imaging, a pixel, or pel, ( picture element ) is a physical point in a raster image, or the smallest addressable element in a display device ; so it is the smallest controllable element of a picture represented on the screen.
* 2009 – Roland V-Piano: the first digital piano to rely solely on physical modeling technology.
Despite the move away from physical film stock – much editing is now based on digital media – devices such as the Lightworks non-linear film editing controller and archives still use the Steenbeck physical layout for controlling the process.
Digital television channels are the same for legacy reasons, however through multiplexing, each physical radio frequency ( RF ) channel can carry several digital subchannels.
Depending on the nature of the business, digital or physical prototypes can be initially chosen according to specific needs.
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