In the high Middle Ages — and well into the early modern period — few intellectuals, if any, questioned the basic assumptions of astrology: humans live within a web of celestial influences that affect our bodies, and thereby motivate us to behave in certain ways.

" The relative status of various humans, some of whom had modern advanced technologies that included engines and telegraphs, while others lacked anything but face-to-face communication techniques and still lived a Paleolithic lifestyle, was of interest to the first generation of cultural anthropologists.

Neanderthals are believed to have practiced cannibalism, and Neanderthals may have been eaten by anatomically modern humans.

According to this research, genetic markers commonly found in modern humans worldwide suggest that today many people carry a gene that evolved as protection against the brain diseases that can be spread by consuming human brain tissue.

Among modern humans, cannibalism has been practiced by various groups.

Most modern researchers including Richard Roberts and Tim Flannery argue that diprotodonts, along with a wide range of other Australian megafauna, became extinct shortly after humans arrived in Australia about 50, 000 years ago.

Mutations of the corresponding gene in mice ( FOXP2 is fairly well conserved ; modern humans share the same allele as Neanderthals ) cause reductions in size and vocalization rate.

Furthermore it is believed that the Eritrean section of the Danakil Depression was a major player in terms of human evolution and may " document the entire evolution of Homo erectus up to the transition to anatomically modern humans.

* Mitochondrial Eve, the matrilineal most recent common ancestor of modern humans

Human evolution refers to the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans.

According to the Recent African Ancestry theory, modern humans evolved in Africa possibly from Homo heidelbergensis and migrated out of the continent some 50, 000 to 100, 000 years ago, replacing local populations of Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis.

Archaic Homo sapiens, the forerunner of anatomically modern humans, evolved between 400, 000 and 250, 000 years ago.

Anatomically modern humans evolved from archaic Homo sapiens in the Middle Paleolithic, about 200, 000 years ago.

The shortening and narrowing of the pelvis evolved as a requirement for bipedality and had significant effects on the process of human birth which is much more difficult in modern humans than in other primates.

The human species developed a much larger brain than that of other primates – typically 1, 330 cc in modern humans, over twice the size of that of a chimpanzee or gorilla.

However evidence for archaic admixture in modern humans had been suggested by some studies.

In this theory, there was a coastal dispersal of modern humans from the Horn of Africa around 70, 000 years ago.

Genetic evidence has also been employed to resolve the question of whether there was any gene flow between early modern humans and Neanderthals, and to arrive enhance our understanding of the early human migration patterns and splitting dates.

By comparing mitochondrial DNA which is inherited only from the mother, geneticists have concluded that the last female common ancestor whose genetic marker is found in all modern humans, the so-called mitochondrial Eve, must have lived around 200, 000 years ago.

The earliest fossils of anatomically modern humans are from the Middle Paleolithic, about 200, 000 years ago such as the Omo remains of Ethiopia, later fossils from Skhul in Israel and Southern Europe begin around 90, 000 years ago.

The nature of interaction between early humans and these sister species has been a long standing source of controversy, the question being whether humans replaced these earlier species or whether they were in fact similar enough to interbreed, in which case these earlier populations may have contributed genetic material to modern humans.

This migration out of Africa is estimated to have begun about 70, 000 years BP and modern humans subsequently spread globally, replacing earlier hominins either through competition or hybridization.

Aramaic spread across Asia, reaching as far as India and becoming Brahmi, the ancestral abugida to most modern Indian and Southeast Asian scripts.

Because Arius and his followers had great influence in the schools of Alexandria — counterparts to modern universities or seminaries — their theological views spread, especially in the eastern Mediterranean.

* 1942 – Actress Hedy Lamarr and composer George Antheil receive a patent for a Frequency-hopping spread spectrum communication system that later became the basis for modern technologies in wireless telephones and Wi-Fi.

Originating in the Levant region of the Middle East ( modern Israel and Palestine ), it quickly spread to Syria, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor and Egypt.

The spread to Cape Breton and Patagonia occurred in modern times.

In the book Queen of Games: The History of Croquet, Nicky Smith presents two theories of the origin of the modern game that took England by storm in the 1860s and then spread overseas.

The modern sense of the term first appears sometime around the 12th century ; its popularity spread in the medieval period along with the terms isle, ylle, inis, eilean, oileán There is some confusion on what the term crannog originally referred to, the structure atop the island or the island itself The additional meanings of crannog can be variously related as " structure / piece of wood ; wooden pin ; crow's nest ; pulpit ; driver's box on a coach and vessel / box / chest " for crannóg.

Included in that collection were “ Judgment Night ” ( first published in August and September, 1943 ), the lush rendering of a future galactic empire with a sober meditation on the nature of power and its inevitable loss ; “ The Code ” ( July, 1945 ), an homage to the classic Faust with modern theories and Lovecraftian dread ; “ Promised Land ” ( February, 1950 ) and “ Heir Apparent ” ( July, 1950 ) both documenting the grim twisting that mankind must undergo in order to spread into the solar system ; and “ Paradise Street ” ( September, 1950 ), a futuristic take on the Old West conflict between lone hunter and wilderness-taming settlers.

Though educational reform occurred on a local level at various points throughout history, the modern notion of education reform is tied with the spread of Compulsory education-education reforms did not become widespread until after organized schooling was sufficiently systematized to be ' reformed.

In the modern world, economic growth and the spread of democracy have raised the value of education and increased the importance of ensuring that all children and adults have access to high quality and effective education.

The growth of republics and liberal democracies, the spread of secularism, the development of modern ideologies, and the invention of total war all mark their birth during the Revolution.

The fable is one of the most enduring forms of folk literature, spread abroad, modern researchers agree, less by literary anthologies than by oral transmission.

* Like quicksort, merge sort on arrays has considerably better data cache performance, often outperforming heapsort on modern desktop computers because merge sort frequently accesses contiguous memory locations ( good locality of reference ); heapsort references are spread throughout the heap.

Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales.

It played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation, the Age of Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.

Marsupials spread westward into modern North America ( still attached to Eurasia ) and then to South America, which was connected to North America until around 65 mya.

He and his contemporaries, working outside the academies, were responsible for the spread of classic works in modern languages among the educated middle class.

" From its earliest beginnings, Christianity spread much more quickly in major urban areas ( like Antioch, Alexandria, Carthage, Corinth, Rome ) than in the countryside ( in fact, the early church was almost entirely urban ), and soon the word for " country dweller " became synonymous with someone who was " not a Christian ," giving rise to the modern meaning of " pagan.

Before the modern era, the Bhikkhuni Sangha spread to most Buddhist countries including Burma ( also known as Myanmar ), with the notable exceptions being Tibet and Thailand.

They found two previously unknown, older strains of Y. pestis that had spread from China by two different routes, rather than the modern Orientalis and Medievalis.

It was a development in the modern world which saw the significant loss of power by the values of a morality rooted in the Christian tradition and the rise of permissive societies, of attitudes that were accepting of greater sexual freedom and experimentation that spread all over the world and were captured in the concept of " free love ".

Contemporary research by anthropologists, linguists ( Blust, Reid, Ross, Pawley ), and archaeologists ( Bellwood ) suggests that the inhabitants of the Maritime Southeast Asia migrated from southern China to islands of the Philippines around 2500 BCE and later spread to modern day Malaysia and Indonesia.