Carnegie worked with others in establishing a steel rolling mill and steel production and control of industry became the source of his fortune.

After World War II, Brazil developed a steel mill at Volta Redonda, in Rio de Janeiro State, and quickly became the largest steel producer in Latin America.

The population migrations around 1200 – 1100 BC reduced the shipping of tin around the Mediterranean ( and from Great Britain ), limiting supplies and raising prices. Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng, Spring and Autumn Period ( 476BC-221BC ) As ironworking improved, iron became cheaper ; and as cultures advanced from wrought iron to forged iron, they learned how to make steel, which is stronger than bronze and holds a sharper edge longer.

Between the wars, wood was largely replaced by steel tubing, which became aluminium tubing, and finally aluminium stressed skin structures began to predominate.

Thanks to its many entrepreneurs and engineers, and its large stock of easily mined coal, Scotland became a world centre for engineering, shipbuilding, and locomotive construction, with steel replacing iron after 1870.

Industry in the sense of manufacturing became a key sector of production and labour in European and North American countries during the Industrial Revolution, which upset previous mercantile and feudal economies through many successive rapid advances in technology, such as the steel and coal production.

In 1999, the Krupp Group merged with its largest competitor, Thyssen AG ; the combined company — ThyssenKrupp AG, became Germany's fifth-largest firm and one of the largest steel producers in the world.

When Napoleon began his blockade of the British Empire ( see Continental System ), British steel became unavailable, and Napoleon offered a prize of four thousand francs to anyone who could replicate the British process.

After he became regent in 1859, Prussia bought its first 312 steel cannon from Krupp, which became the main arms manufacturer for the Prussian military.

Karl Wittgenstein ( 1847 – 1913 ) became an industrial tycoon, and by the late 1880s was one of the richest men in Europe, with an effective monopoly on Austria's steel cartel.

Following the decline of the quill in the 1820s, following the introduction of the maintenance-free, mass produced steel dip nib by John Mitchell, knives were still manufactured but became known as desk knives, stationery knives or latterly as the name stuck ' pen ' knives.

With continual improvements in steel girders, these became the major structural support for large roofs, and eventually for ordinary houses as well.

Though steel had been produced by various inefficient methods long before the Renaissance, its use became more common after more efficient production methods were devised in the 17th century.

With the invention of the Bessemer process in the mid-19th century, steel became an inexpensive mass-produced material.

It was not until the development of stronger alloys such as steel, and improved heat treatment processes that longswords became practical for combat.

The use of Damascus steel in swords became extremely popular in the 16th and 17th centuries.

As steel technology improved, single-edged weapons became popular throughout Asia.

It began life making steel castings and quickly became famous for casting church bells.

It became a common scene to observe melted Sheridan hulls with their sunken steel turrets sitting at odd angles with their gun tubes pointing towards the sky in various parts of the country, either awaiting final disposition, or simply forgotten.

As the iron became hotter, more impurities burned off, making the iron even hotter and burning off more impurities, producing a batch of hotter, purer, molten iron, which converts to steel more easily.

Stowey Rummel was internationally famous, a crafter of a genuine Americana in foreign eyes, an original designer whose inventive childishness with steel and concrete was made even more believably sincere by his personality.

It features a demountable shank and the choice of galvanized steel, stainless steel, or aluminium construction, which means a lighter and more easily stowable anchor.

This change was pushed forward by the development of heavier naval guns ( the ironclads of the 1880s carried some of the heaviest guns ever mounted at sea ), more sophisticated steam engines, and advances in metallurgy which made steel shipbuilding possible.

As the forests of Britain and Europe continued to be over-harvested to supply the keels of larger wooden boats, and the Bessemer process ( patented in 1855 ) cheapened the cost of steel, steel ships and boats began to be more common.

Though much more expensive than steel, there are now aluminium alloys available that will not corrode in salt water, and an aluminium boat built to similar load carrying standards could be built lighter than steel.

Copper-based alloys have lower melting points than steel or iron, and are more readily produced from their constituent metals.

Bronze resists corrosion ( especially seawater corrosion ) and metal fatigue more than steel and is a better conductor of heat and electricity than most steels.

BSI Group began in 1901 as the Engineering Standards Committee, led by James Mansergh, to standardise the number and type of steel sections, in order to make British manufacturers more efficient and competitive.

Concrete buildings are more resistant to fire than those constructed using wood or steel frames, since concrete does not burn.

This is more of a problem with steel string guitars than with nylon strings, which have about half the string tension.

In quantities of more than about 100 grams ( 3. 5 oz ), caesium is shipped in hermetically sealed, stainless steel containers.

* Knife blades: the blade of a ceramic knife will stay sharp for much longer than that of a steel knife, although it is more brittle and can be snapped by dropping it on a hard surface.

Ceramics are also more chemically resistant and can be used in wet environments where steel bearings would rust.

Much of the city, including railroads and stockyards, survived intact, and from the ruins of the previous wooden structures arose more modern constructions of steel and stone which would set the precedent for worldwide construction.

Some engines also use cast iron crankshafts for low output versions while the more expensive high output version use forged steel.

Nitridization is slower and thereby more costly, and in addition it puts certain demands on the alloying metals in the steel to be able to create stable nitrides.

Other, more traditional manufacturing is based on sugar refining, cement, iron and steel production, and food processing.

Prior to the mid-20th century, double bass strings were usually made of gut, but since that time, steel strings have largely replaced gut strings, because steel strings hold their pitch better and yield more volume when played with the bow.

Gut strings are also more vulnerable to changes of humidity and temperature, and they break much more easily than steel strings.

The twelve-string guitar usually has steel strings and is widely used in folk music, blues, and rock and roll.

Chinese steel swords made their first appearance in the later part of the Western Zhou Dynasty, but were not widely used until the 3rd century BC Han Dynasty.

Vinegar is widely known as an effective cleaner of stainless steel and glass.

Currently, carbon steel is the most widely used material, being relatively inexpensive compared to those of other materials, relatively light in weight, providing quick heat conduction, and having reasonable durability.

Carbon steel woks vary widely in price, style, and quality, which is based on ply and forming technique.

Though this process is no longer commercially used, at the time of its invention it was of enormous industrial importance because it lowered the cost of production steel, leading to steel being widely substituted for cast iron.

They were so widely known that they gave rise to the proverb " as true steel as Ripon Rowels ".

Jackson's concurring opinion in 1952's Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer ( forbidding President Harry Truman's seizure of steel mills during the Korean War to avert a strike ), where Jackson formulated a three-tier test for evaluating claims of presidential power, remains one of the most widely cited opinions in Supreme Court history ( it was quoted repeatedly by Supreme Court nominees John Roberts and Samuel Alito during their confirmation hearings ).

) waterproof construction, especially when mated to a steel toe was an enormous and widely adopted footwear for all manner of industry.

The steelworkers ' unions did not support the strike, a stance widely resented by the miners after the support that they had given the steel strike in 1980 and concessions were made by the NUM on deliveries of coke to steel works during the strike.

Galvanized steel is widely used in applications where rust resistance is needed, and can be identified by the crystallization patterning on the surface ( often called a “ spangle ”).

Heat shields vary widely in price, but most are easy to fit, usually by stainless steel clips or high temperature tape.

Black lacquered steel pipe is the most widely used pipe material for fire sprinklers and natural gas.

CP was applied to steel gas pipelines beginning in the 1928 and more widely in the 1930s.

Results can vary widely, depending on the materials used ; hobbyist designs may use, for example, materials ranging anywhere from magnetic steel ( more effective, lower reluctance ) to video tape ( little improvement in reluctance ).

When concrete became widely available, there was a trend to make steel reinforced anvil bases by some smiths, though this practice has largely been abandoned.

While guitar amplifiers from the beginning were used to amplify acoustic guitar, electronic amplification of guitar was first widely popularized by the 1930s and 1940s craze for Hawaiian music, which extensively employed the amplified lap steel Hawaiian guitar.

Wootz steel was widely exported and traded throughout ancient Europe, China, the Arab world, and became particularly famous in the Middle East, where it became known as Damascus steel.

Wootz steel was widely exported and traded throughout ancient Europe and the Arab world, and became particularly famous in the Middle East, where it was known as Damascus steel and was later traced to workshops in western India.