Several germanium resistors have been thermally cycled from 300 to 4.2 Af and their resistances have been found to be reproducible within 1/3 millidegree when temperatures were derived from a vapor pressure thermometer whose tubing is jacketed through most of the liquid helium.

The pressure within the ghetto causes the ghetto walls to expand, and this expansion is always violent.

Moreover, prudence alone would indicate that, unless the local customs are already ready to fall when pushed, the results of direct economic action everywhere upon national chain stores will likely be simply to give undue advantage to local and state stores which conform to these customs, leading to greater decentralization and local autonomy within the company, or even ( as the final self-defeat of an unjust application of economic pressure to correct injustice ) to its going out of business in certain sections of the country ( as, for that matter, the Quakers, who once had many meetings in the pre-Civil War South, largely went out of business in that part of the country over the slavery issue, never to recover a large number of southern adherents ).

The black Fudo seemed to stare rigidly back at him and Richard's eyes were caught by the Fudo's in fascination, and then Richard was shocked as, all at once, flames shot out from the sharp features of Fudo's face and there was a terrible metallic scraping sound, as if the large statue were about to burst from some pressure within it.

Lumbar puncture procedure, which is performed in many infectious disorders of the central nervous system is contraindicated in this condition ( as it is in all space-occupying lesions of the brain ) because removing a certain portion of the cerebrospinal fluid may alter the concrete intracranial pressure balances and causes the brain tissue to move across structures within the skull ( brain herniation ).

Today, the Cornish Nationalist Party is seen as more of a pressure group as they do not put up candidates for any elections, although their visibility and influence within Cornwall is negligible.

As a result, the impactor is compressed, its density rises, and the pressure within it increases dramatically.

When a manipulation is performed, the applied force separates the articular surfaces of a fully encapsulated synovial joint, which in turn creates a reduction in pressure within the joint cavity.

As a result, gases tend to become trapped at high pressure within the magma.

A stiff neck can occur as the result of increased pressure within the skull and irritation of the meninges.

Excessive volatility often results in the development of pressure within rounds of ammunition and separation of mixtures into their constituents.

Often, this initial crack is caused by an increase in blood pressure within the body ( in combination with movement ), forcing an expansion across its exoskeleton, leading to an eventual crack that allows for certain organisms such as spiders to extricate themselves.

The influence of the grateful new queen being actively exerted on Alberoni's behalf — the princesse des Ursins having been chased out — within not much more than a year Alberoni was made a duke and grandee of Spain, a member of the king's council, appointed bishop of Málaga, and in 1715 prime minister, and was made cardinal by Pope Clement XI, under pressure from the court of Spain, in July 1717.

One difference between them is that the older black powder burns at nearly the same rate in the open as when contained, while in smokeless powders the burn rate accelerates more rapidly within a closed chamber, making for a sharper rise in pressure which could rupture older weapons designed for black powder.

For example, at very high temperature and high pressure, unless there are sufficiently many flavors of quarks, the theory of quantum chromodynamics ( QCD ) predicts that quarks and gluons will no longer be confined within hadrons < i > because the strength of the strong interaction diminishes with energy .</ i > This property, which is known as asymptotic freedom, has been experimentally confirmed in the energy range between 1 GeV ( gigaelectronvolt ) and 1 TeV ( teraelectronvolt ).

—, and for handloaders to get data for new loads, gun and / or handloaded cartridges can be sent to the " Deutsche Versuchs-und Prüfanstalt für Jagd-und Sportwaffen ( DEVA )" ( German institute for testing and examining of hunting and sporting guns ); the DEVA returns a pressure diagram and a report whether this load is within legal range for this ammunition.

In May, increasing pressure from the media and within the Liberal Party forced Holt to announce a parliamentary debate on the question of a second inquiry into the 1964 sinking of HMAS Voyager to be held on 16 May.

Following a proposal put forward by The Welwyn Garden Heritage Trust, town-planner Andrés Duany has suggested that designated " Garden Villages " could be built within Hertfordshire to relieve some of the pressure for new homes, with perhaps a third Garden City to follow.

Under pressure from the Assembly to improve management and coordination within the government, he issued a presidential decree giving Vice President Megawati control over the day-to-day administration of government.

David Lloyd George, the British Prime Minister, at the time, found himself under increasing pressure ( both internationally and from within the British Isles ) to try to salvage something from the situation.

Hot water platten vacuum kilns use aluminum heating plates with the water circulating within as the heat source, and typically operate at significantly reduced absolute pressure.

Bernoulli's principle states that within an airflow of constant energy, when the air flows through a region of lower pressure it speeds up and vice versa.

Thus, there is a direct mathematical relationship between the pressure and the speed, so if one knows the speed at all points within the airflow one can calculate the pressure, and vice versa.

They provide the necessary pressure for nuclear fusion to occur within stars.

There is, however, no formula to calculate compression ratio based on cylinder pressure.

If the nominal compression ratio of an engine is given, the pre-ignition cylinder pressure can be estimated using the following relationship:

where is the cylinder pressure at bottom dead center which is usually at 1 atm, is the compression ratio, and is the specific heat ratio for the working fluid, which is about 1. 4 for air, and 1. 3 for methane-air mixture.

For example, if an engine running on gasoline has a compression ratio of 10: 1, the cylinder pressure at top dead center is

Generally, cylinder pressure for common automotive designs should at least equal 10 bar, or, roughly estimated in pounds per square inch ( psi ) as between 15 and 20 times the compression ratio, or in this case between 150 psi and 200 psi, depending on cam timing.

If a second compression test is performed shortly thereafter, and the new reading is much higher, it would be the ring seal that is problematic, whereas if the compression test pressure observed remains low, it is a valve sealing ( or more rarely head gasket, or breakthrough piston or rarer still cylinder wall damage ) issue.

Intake port tuning and scavenging may allow a greater mass of charge ( at a higher than atmospheric pressure ) to be trapped in the cylinder than the static volume would suggest ( This " corrected " compression ratio is commonly called the " dynamic compression ratio ".

The absolute cylinder pressure is the result of an exponent of the dynamic compression ratio.

For example, if the static compression ratio is 10: 1, and the dynamic compression ratio is 7. 5: 1, a useful value for cylinder pressure would be ( 7. 5 )^ 1. 3 × atmospheric pressure, or 13. 7 bar.

The two corrections for dynamic compression ratio affect cylinder pressure in opposite directions, but not in equal strength.

Additionally, the cylinder pressure developed when an engine is running will be higher than that shown in a compression test for several reasons.

In such a condition the failure is due to bending and the pressure in the cylinder is maximal.

In the diesel cycle, diesel fuel is injected directly into the cylinder so that combustion occurs at constant pressure, as the piston moves.

Steam just above atmospheric pressure ( all that the boiler could stand ) was introduced into the lower half of the cylinder beneath the piston during the gravity-induced upstroke ; the steam was then condensed by a jet of cold water injected into the steam space to produce a partial vacuum ; the pressure differential between the atmosphere and the vacuum on either side of the piston displaced it downwards into the cylinder, raising the opposite end of a rocking beam to which was attached a gang of gravity-actuated reciprocating force pumps housed in the mineshaft.

In close collaboration with Matthew Boulton, he had succeeded by 1778 in perfecting his steam engine, which incorporated a series of radical improvements, notably the closing off of the upper part of the cylinder thereby making the low pressure steam drive the top of the piston instead of the atmosphere, use of a steam jacket and the celebrated separate steam condenser chamber.

This energy was wasted because later in the cycle, cold water was injected into the cylinder to condense the steam to reduce its pressure.

One of these included the use of the steam indicator which produced an informative plot of the pressure in the cylinder against its volume, which he kept as a trade secret.

Instead, the plate rolls against a cylinder covered with a rubber blanket, which squeezes away the water, picks up the ink and transfers it to the paper with uniform pressure.

Twin sparks provide two flame fronts within the cylinder, these two flame fronts decreasing the time needed for the fuel charge to burn, thereby burning more of the fuel at a lower temperature and pressure.

This leads to a rapid rise in cylinder pressure, producing engine " knock ".