This may be explained by the theory that Asian arowanas ( S. formosus ) diverged from the Australian Scleropages, S. jardinii and S. leichardti, about 140 million years ago, making it likely that Asian arowanas were carried to Asia on the Indian subcontinent.

The lineage leading to the Australian arowanas diverged from that leading to the Asian arowanas about 140 million years ago, during the Early Cretaceous.

Native to Southeast Asia, Asian arowanas inhabit blackwater rivers, slow-moving waters flowing through forested swamps and wetlands.

Like all members of Osteoglossidae, Asian arowanas are highly adapted to fresh water and are incapable of surviving in the ocean.

Genetic studies have confirmed this hypothesis, showing that the ancestor of the Asian arowanas diverged from the ancestor of the Australian arowanas, S. jardinii and S. leichardti, about 140 million years ago, during the Early Cretaceous period.

This divergence took place in the eastern margin of Gondwanaland, with the ancestors of Asian arowanas carried on the Indian subcontinent or smaller landmasses into Asia.

Asian arowana scales are large ( most over 2 cm in length ) and have a delicate net pattern. Asian arowanas grow up to 90 cm ( 35 in ) total length.

Like all Scleropages, Asian arowanas have long bodies ; large, elongate pectoral fins ; dorsal and anal fins located far back on the body ; and a much larger caudal fin than that of their South American relative, the silver arowana, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum.

Asian arowanas bear teeth on many bones of the mouth, including the jaws, vomer, palatines, pterygoids, parasphenoid, and tongue.

Asian arowanas are distinguished from Australian congenerics S. jardinii and S. leichardti by having fewer ( 21-26 ) lateral line scales ( versus 32-36 for the Australian species ), longer pectoral and pelvic fins, and a longer anterior snout.

Both grey-tailed and yellow-tailed silver Asian arowanas are dark grey on the back and silver on the sides, with dark ring patches on the lateral scales and a silvery or whitish belly.

Asian arowanas are paternal mouthbrooders.

The Asian arowanas are listed as endangered by the 2006 IUCN Red List, with the most recent evaluation taking place in 1996. International trade in these fishes is controlled under the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna ( CITES ), under which it was placed on Appendix I, the most restrictive category, in 1975.

Other nations restrict or prohibit possession of Asian arowanas ; for example, the United States has listed this species under the Endangered Species Act, and therefore it cannot be possessed in that country without a permit.

For example, Asian arowanas are now uncommon in the Malay Peninsula, where they were once widely distributed, due to environmental destruction.

Beginning in 1989, CITES began allowing Asian arowanas to be traded, provided certain criteria were met, most notably that they were bred in captivity on a fish farm for at least two generations.

Asian arowanas legally certified by CITES for trade became available from this program in 1994.

However, since Anatolia is now often considered to be synonymous with Asian Turkey, its eastern and southeastern borders are widely taken to be the Turkish borders with the neighboring countries, which are Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Iraq and Syria, in clockwise direction.

There are two suspension bridges over the Bosphorus, both its Asian and European banks rise steeply from the water and form a succession of cliffs, coves, and nearly landlocked bays.

Wallace did extensive fieldwork, first in the Amazon River basin and then in the Malay Archipelago, where he identified the Wallace Line that divides the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts, one in which animals closely related to those of Australia are common, and one in which the species are largely of Asian origin.

According to Cavalli-Sforza, Ainu are in the same genetic cluster as the " Northeast and East Asian ".

Members of the southeast Asian planthopper genus Ancyra are well known for having a pair of prolonged filaments at the tips of the forewings that arise near a pair of small glossy spots ; this creates the impression of a pair of antennae, with corresponding " eyes " ( a remarkable case of automimicry ).

Regional chefs are emerging as localized celebrity chefs with growing broader appeal, such as Peter Merriman ( Hawaii Regional Cuisine ), Jerry Traunfeld, Alan Wong ( Pacific Rim cuisine ), Norman Van Aken ( New World Cuisine-fusion Latin, Caribbean, Asian, African and American ), and Mark Miller ( American Southwest cuisine ).

Co-ed South Asian a cappella groups are also gaining in popularity.

For example, there are differences between African, East Asian and Indo-racial groups in how they metabolize alcohol.

He suggested that from the data one might conclude that, on average, Asian Americans are more intelligent than white Americans.

Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion although it has taken steps to become a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC ( Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation ) forum.

Interpenetration and essence-function are mutually informing in the East Asian Buddhist traditions, especially the Korean Buddhist tradition.

In some European Union and Asian countries, there are two separate boards, an executive board for day-to-day business and a supervisory board ( elected by the shareholders ) for supervising the executive board.

Almost all mass produced bokken are made from porous, loose-grained southeast Asian wood.

While most species of North American red oak are unsuitable for construction of bokken, there are some Asian species of red oak that have a significantly tighter grain and will be able to withstand repeated impacts.

The oldest roots of crokinole, from the 1860s, suggest the British and South Asian games are the most likely antecedents of what became crokinole.

The monsoonal airflows are caused by annual alternating high pressure and low pressure over the Central Asian landmass.

Costa Rica major economic resources are its fertile land and frequent rainfall, its well-educated population, and its location in the Central American isthmus, which provides easy access to North and South American markets and direct ocean access to the European and Asian Continents.

In some European Union, and in some Asian countries, there are two separate boards, one executive board for the day-to-day business and one supervisory board for control purposes ( elected by the shareholders ).

Confucius's works are studied by scholars in many other Asian countries, particularly those in the Sinosphere, such as Korea, Japan and Vietnam.

South Asian English phonology is highly variable ; stress, rhythm and intonation are generally different from those of native varieties.

The Canchim breed is a breed of beef cattle developed in Central Brazil by crossing European Charolais cattle with Indubrazil cattle already kept in Brazil where Asian Zebu type cattle are best suited to the tropical conditions.

Links with Arab states and East Asian states, Japan and People's Republic of China in particular, are welcome.

Traditionally, Anatolia is considered to extend in the east to a line between the Gulf of Iskenderun and the Black Sea, approximately corresponding to the western two-thirds of the Asian part of Turkey.

Because the markets were already nervous due to the Asian financial crisis, investors began selling non-U. S. treasury debt and buying U. S. treasuries, which were considered a safe investment.

In 1400, the Central Asian warlord Timur had succeeded in rousing the local Turkic beyliks that had been vassals of the Ottomans to join him in his attack on Bayezid, who was considered one of the most powerful rulers in the Muslim world during that period.

* Anagama kiln-the Asian anagama kiln has been used since medieval times and is considered the oldest style of production kiln, brought to Japan from China via Korea in the 5th century.

In this way it is considered an ecological counterpart of the North Pacific / North Asian Steller's Eider.

Uyghurs are thus one of the many populations of Central Eurasia that can be considered to be genetically related to European and East Asian populations.

The Bangkok Declaration is considered to be a landmark expression of the Asian Values perspective, which offers an extended critique of human rights universalism.

This defeat in the Travancore-Dutch War is considered the earliest example of an organized Asian power overcoming European military technology and tactics ; and it signaled the decline of Dutch power in India.

Their physical appearance is closer to what is generally associated with Asian peoples than to other Native Americans, but racial categorisation is no longer considered very productive among anthropologists, in part because of the highly contested nature of racial categories.

It is a perennial, tropical plant primarily grown as a root vegetable for its edible starchy corm, and as a leaf vegetable and is considered a staple in African, Oceanic and Asian cultures.

The outcome of these two incidents was the passage by Congress of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which granted President Lyndon B. Johnson the authority to assist any Southeast Asian country whose government was considered to be jeopardized by " communist aggression ".

Since most East Asian nations at one point or another were considered Chinese tributaries, they were only allowed four-clawed dragons.

Uzbek is a language which can be considered the direct descendant or a latter form of Chagatay, the language of great Turkic Central Asian literary development in the realm of Chagatai Khan, Timur ( Tamerlane ), and the Timurids.

The movie is considered a seminal work of Asian American Cinema.

The following, including four Asian Tigers and new euro countries, were considered developing countries until recently, and are now listed as advanced economies by the International Monetary Fund:

Otago graduates are among the most dispersed university alumni in the world, due in part to New Zealand being considered a relatively affordable and safe destination by many Asian students to improve their English and achieve a high quality western education.

The city is also home to the University City Olive Link, known for its high concentration of East Asian businesses and considered as a replacement for Chinatown, St. Louis.

The racial makeup of the city was 83. 61 % White ( including Latinos that were born before the 60s considered whites by law ), 0. 21 % African American, 0. 43 % Native American, 0. 09 % Asian, 13. 73 % from other races, and 1. 94 % from two or more races.

Eating together from a shared pot is considered as an important feature of nabemono ; East Asian people believe that eating from one pot makes for closer relationships.

This concept appears to elevate Asian Americans by portraying them as an elite group of successful, highly educated, intelligent, and wealthy individuals, but it can also be considered an overly narrow and overly one-dimensional portrayal of Asian Americans, leaving out other human qualities such as vocal leadership, negative emotions, risk taking, ability to learn from mistakes, and desire for creative expression.

In the eyes of the PRC government, overseas Chinese were considered capitalist agents ; in addition, the PRC government also thought that maintaining good relations with southeast Asian governments was more important than maintaining the support of overseas Chinese.

Although some Western and East Asian investors also showed their interest in RAF, all of them considered this investment too risky as the local market was too small to support large production and the Russian market was virtually closed due to the complicated political relationship of Russia and Latvia.

It has a number of subspecies across its large range ; a few of the Asian subspecies are sometimes considered to be full species.