Astronomers do not know if the collision was simply a glancing blow or a prelude to a full-on merger, which would end with the two galaxies incorporated into one larger, probably elliptical galaxy.

Astronomers believe that the matter composing the Oort cloud formed closer to the Sun and was scattered far out into space by the gravitational effects of the giant planets early in the Solar System's evolution.

* Astronomers detect the presence of oxygen and carbon in the atmosphere of the extrasolar planet HD 209458 b ( Osiris ), known to be venting gas into space.

Astronomers make observations in multiple electromagnetic spectra, ranging through radio waves, infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light, into the X-ray spectrum and beyond.

Astronomers theorize that the gravity of one star pulls some of the gas from the surface of the other and flings it into a thin, dense disk extending into space.

In an interview with Christianity Today, Jastrow said " Astronomers now find they have painted themselves into a corner because they have proven, by their own methods, that the world began abruptly in an act of creation to which you can trace the seeds of every star, every planet, every living thing in this cosmos and on the earth.

The nebula ’ s unique appearance led the magazine ’ s editors to comment, “ Astronomers looked 8, 000 light-years into the cosmos with the Hubble Space Telescope, and it seemed that the eye of God was staring back .”

Astronomers divide these stars into classes 0, I, II and III, according to how much infrared radiation the stars give off.

Astronomers inferred that the star had been a red supergiant, and had shed a large amount of matter into space, before evolving into a blue supergiant and exploding.

Altho ' the Distinction of Stars into six Degrees of Magnitude is commonly received by Astronomers ; yet we are not to judge, that every particular Star is exactly to be ranked according to a certain Bigness, which is one of the Six ; but rather in reality there are almost as many Orders of Stars, as there are Stars, few of them being exactly of the same Bigness and Lustre.

Astronomers from Galileo to Jaques Cassini mistook these spurious disks for the physical bodies of stars, and thus into the eighteenth century continued to think of magnitude in terms of the physical size of a star.

The only " signature " on the Astronomers Monument is " PWAP 1934 " referring to the program which funded the project and the year it was completed.

Astronomers have long believed that the Magellanic Clouds have orbited the Milky Way at approximately their current distances, but evidence suggests that it is rare for them to come as close to the Milky Way as they are now.

Astronomers Robert Grant and William Swan ( of the United Kingdom ) and Karl Ludwig von Littrow ( of Austria ) observe this eclipse and determine that solar prominences are part of the Sun because the Moon is seen to cover and uncover them as it moves in front.

And even among those Stars which are reckoned of the brightest Class, there appears a Variety of Magnitude ; for Sirius or Arcturus are each of them brighter than Aldebaran or the Bull's Eye, or even than the Star in Spica ; and yet all these Stars are reckoned among the Stars of the first Order: And there are some Stars of such an intermedial Order, that the Astronomers have differed in classing of them ; some putting the same Stars in one Class, others in another.

Organizations such as the San Francisco Sidewalk Astronomers, founded by John Dobson, are organized around the idea of educating people about the universe they live in by having them look through telescopes.

Astronomers have made several attempts to link the star to unusual astronomical events, such as a conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn, a comet or a supernova.

* 1957, Mathematician Donald B. Gillies, Physicist, James E. Snyder and Astronomers George C. McVittie, S. P. Wyatt, Ivan R. King and George W. Swenson of the University of Illinois used the ILLIAC I computer to calculate the orbit of the Sputnik I satellite within 2 days of its launch.

Astronomers at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland and the European Space Agency in discerned the distance by observing Cepheid variable stars within I Zwicky 18.

Astronomers measure the angular separation of two stars by imagining two lines through the centre of the Earth, each intersecting one of the stars.

Astronomers can determine the mass, age, chemical composition and many other properties of a star by observing its spectrum, luminosity and motion through space.

Astronomers categorize it as a main-sequence star of spectral class K2, which means that energy generated at the core through nuclear fusion of hydrogen is emitted from the surface at a temperature of about 5, 000 K, giving the star an orange hue.

Astronomers had to stare for hours through their telescopes, waiting for a moment of still air when the image was clear, and then draw a picture of what they had seen.

Astronomers have detected an object traveling through space at half the speed of light, and it is predicted to impact Earth within 30 minutes, wiping out human civilization.

Astronomers use astrometric techniques for the tracking of near-Earth objects.

Astronomers also measure the apparent size of objects as an angular diameter.

Art historian Richard Poss took a more flexible approach, maintaining that the astronomical rock art of the North American Southwest should be read employing " the hermeneutic traditions of western art history and art criticism " Astronomers, however, raise different questions, seeking to provide their students with identifiable precursors of their discipline, and are especially concerned with the important question of how to confirm that specific sites are, indeed, intentionally astronomical.

Astronomers term " metals " those elements with higher atomic numbers than helium.

* Star with Midriff Bulge Eyed by Astronomers, JPL press release, July 25, 2001.

* Astronomers Capture First Images of the Surface Features of Altair, astromart. com.

Astronomers predict that the three galaxies may merge millions of years in the future to form a giant elliptical galaxy.

Astronomers theorize that a collision with a smaller companion galaxy near the core of the main galaxy could have led to the unusual spiral structure.

Astronomers posit that its dust lanes, not common in elliptical galaxies, are due to a previous merger with another galaxy, probably a spiral galaxy.

Astronomers estimated that the visible fragments of SL9 ranged in size from a few hundred metres to two kilometres across, suggesting that the original comet may have had a nucleus up to acrosssomewhat larger than Comet Hyakutake, which became very bright when it passed close to the Earth in 1996.

Astronomers had expected to see the fireballs from the impacts, but did not have any idea in advance how visible the atmospheric effects of the impacts would be from Earth.

Astronomers did not observe large amounts of water following the collisions, and later impact studies found that fragmentation and destruction of the cometary fragments in an ' airburst ' probably occurred at much higher altitudes than previously expected, with even the largest fragments being destroyed when the pressure reached, well above the expected depth of the water layer.

Astronomers produce new fundamental ephemerides as the accuracy of observation improves and as the understanding of the dynamics increases, and from these ephemerides various astronomical values, including the obliquity, are derived.

Astronomers now generally regard all the early reports of detection as erroneous.

Astronomers were surprised by these " hot Jupiters ," since theories of planetary formation had indicated that giant planets should only form at large distances from stars.

Astronomers had believed for some time that parallax would provide the first accurate measurement of interstellar distances — in fact, in the 1830s there was a fierce competition between astronomers to be the first to measure a stellar parallax accurately.

Astronomers do not currently know what process stops the contraction.

Astronomers now see elliptical galaxies as some of the most evolved systems in the universe.

Astronomers preferred the latter GMT convention in order to simplify their observational data so that each entire night was logged under a single calendar date.

* 2012 – Astronomers announce the discovery of S / 2012 P 1, the fifth moon of Pluto.

* 2005 – Astronomers announce their discovery of the dwarf planet Eris.

Astronomers have determined that it is between 6, 000 and 8, 000 years old ; it is approximately one light-year in diameter.