Athenian tragedy in performance during Euripides's lifetime was a public contest between playwrights.

These early plays were written for annual Athenian competitions among playwrights held around the 5th century BC.

Seneca's tragedies rework those of all three of the Athenian tragic playwrights whose work has survived.

Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of classical Athenian historians, playwrights, and philosophers.

How it fared in that festival's drama competition is unknown but it is now considered one of Aristophanes ' most brilliant parodies of Athenian society, with a particular focus on the subversive role of women in a male-dominated society, the vanity of contemporary poets, such as the tragic playwrights Euripides and Agathon, and the shameless, enterprising vulgarity of an ordinary Athenian, as represented in this play by the protagonist, Mnesilochus.

These historians point towards the unstable oligarchies established by Lysander in the former Athenian Empire and the failures of Spartan leaders ( such as Pausanias and Kleombrotos ) for the eventually suppression of Spartan power.

Another interesting insight into Athenian democracy comes from the law that excluded from decisions of war those citizens who had property close to the city walls-on the basis that they had a personal interest in the outcome of such debates because the practice of an invading army at the time was to destroy the land outside the walls.

Some scholars argue Plato drew upon memories of past events such as the Thera eruption or the Trojan War, while others insist that he took inspiration from contemporary events like the destruction of Helike in 373 BC or the failed Athenian invasion of Sicily in 415 – 413 BC.

Furthermore, raising such a large army had denuded Athens of defenders, and thus any secondary attack in the Athenian rear would cut the army off from the city ; and any direct attack on the city could not be defended against.

The relation of citizenship has not been a fixed or static relation, but constantly changed within each society, and that according to one view, citizenship might " really have worked " only at select periods during certain times, such as when the Athenian politician Solon made reforms in the early Athenian state.

Aristotle notes that Draco, while having the laws written, merely legislated for an existing unwritten Athenian constitution, such as setting exact qualifications for eligibility for office.

Historians have liberally used emperor and, especially so, empire anachronistically and out of its Roman and European context to describe any large state and its ruler in the past and present ; sometimes even to refer to non-monarchically ruled states and their spheres of influence: such examples include the " Athenian Empire " of the late 5th century BC, the " Angevin Empire " of the Plantagenets, or the Soviet and American " empires " of the Cold War era.

The temple was left unfinished during the years of Athenian democracy, apparently because the Greeks thought it hubristic to build on such a scale.

Although ten years of exile would have been difficult for an Athenian to face, it was relatively mild in comparison to the kind of sentences inflicted by courts ; when dealing with politicians held to be acting against the interests of the people, Athenian juries could inflict very severe penalties such as death, unpayably large fines, confiscation of property, permanent exile and loss of citizens ' rights through atimia.

It first prevented the candidate for expulsion being chosen out of immediate anger, although an Athenian general such as Cimon would have not wanted to lose a battle the week before such a second vote.

The Athenian aristocracy, and indeed Greek aristocrats in general, were loath to see one person pre-eminent, and such maneuvers were commonplace.

Pericles had such a profound influence on Athenian society that Thucydides, his contemporary historian, acclaimed him as " the first citizen of Athens ".

Plato famously formalized < nowiki > the </ nowiki > Socratic elenctic style in prose — presenting Socrates as the curious questioner of some prominent Athenian interlocutor — in some of his early dialogues, such as Euthyphro and Ion, and the method is most commonly found within the so-called " Socratic dialogues ", which generally portray Socrates engaging in the method and questioning his fellow citizens about moral and epistemological issues.

* Competitiveness of Athenian commerce was promoted through revision of weights and measures, possibly based on successful standards already in use elsewhere, such as Aegina or Euboia or, according to the ancient account but unsupported by modern scholarship, Argos

Most of the major ancient historians assigned credit for the dramatic Athenian victories of 411 BC to Alcibiades, but a few, such as Cornelius Nepos, pointed to the decisive role that was played in these battles by Thrasybulus.

More recent historians, such as Donald Kagan and R. J. Buck, have tended to support this analysis, pointing to the role that Thrasybulus played in crafting Athenian strategy in all these battles, and specifically to the decisive action he took at Cyzicus, which saved Alcibiades's force from being swamped, and turned a potential Athenian defeat into a stunning victory.

On the earlier such vases, he looks like a rough, unkempt Athenian seaman dressed in reddish-brown, holding his ferryman's pole in his right hand and using his left hand to receive the deceased.

) It would appear that, as they defended themselves before democratic-sympathizing Athenian jurymen, Theramenes ' former comrades in the oligarchy attempted to exculpate themselves by associating their actions with those of Theramenes and portraying him as a steadfast defender of the Athenian democracy ; examples of such accounts can be found in the Histories of Diodorus Siculus and in the " Theramenes papyrus ", a fragmentary work discovered in the 1960s.

During the period of the Delian League and the Second Athenian League ( 5th – 4th century BC ), many more cleruchies were created by Athens such as on Samos Island proved worthy in the Social War.

Since the mid-1950s, before extended pub hours replaced 6 o ' clock closing, Push night-life commonly consisted of a meal at an inexpensive restaurant such as the Athenian or Hellenic Club (" the Greeks ") or La Veneziana (" the Italians ") followed by parties held most nights of the week at private residences.

Euripides first competed in the City Dionysia, the famous Athenian dramatic festival, in 455 BC, one year after the death of Aeschylus, and it was not until 441 BC that he won a first prize.

Athenian citizens were familiar with rhetoric in the assembly and law courts, and some scholars believe that Euripides was more interested in his characters as speakers with cases to argue than as characters with lifelike personalities.

* 455 BC: Euripides presents his first known tragedy, Peliades, in the Athenian festival of Dionysia.

* Euripides ' play Medea wins third prize at the Dionysia, the famous Athenian dramatic festival.

Though the early literary presentations of Medea are lost, Apollonius of Rhodes, in a redefinition of epic formulas, and Euripides, in a dramatic version for a specifically Athenian audience, each employed the figure of Medea ; Seneca offered yet another tragic Medea, of witchcraft and potions, and Ovid rendered her portrait three times for a sophisticated and sceptical audience in Imperial Rome.

* 441 Euripides, Greek playwright, wins Athenian prize

However, Euripides wrote in his tragedy Ion that the Athenian queen Creusa had inherited this vial from her ancestor Erichthonios, who was a snake himself and had received the vial from Athena.

* Euripides, Athenian playwright ( b. c. 480 BC )

* Euripides ' play Hippolytus is performed in the Dionysia competition, the famous Athenian dramatic festival.

* Euripides presents his earliest known tragedy, Peliades, in the Athenian festival of Dionysia.

The Bacchae (, Bakchai ; also known as The Bacchantes ) is an ancient Greek tragedy by the Athenian playwright Euripides, during his final years in Macedonia, at the court of Archelaus I of Macedonia.

* The Greek playwright Euripides ' play Alcestis is performed in the Dionysia, an Athenian dramatic festival.

The earliest known accounts of the death of Iphigenia are included in Euripides ' Iphigenia at Aulis and Iphigenia in Tauris, both Athenian tragedies of the fifth century BCE set in the Heroic Age.

Euripides placed this story twice on the Athenian stage, of which one version survives.

The next year, the Athenian tragedian Euripides wrote Trojan Women, which explored the hardships of conquest on women, set in the legendary past of the Trojan War.

Nietzsche's theory of Athenian tragic drama suggests exactly how, before Euripides and Socrates, the Dionysian and Apollonian elements of life were artistically woven together.

However, as they were written over a century after the Athenian Golden Age, it is not known whether dramatists such as Sophocles and Euripides would have thought about their plays in the same terms.

It was a popular subject in Greek tragedies, and there are surviving versions from all three of the great Athenian tragedians: Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.

Over time he worked through almost the entire canon of Athenian dramas ( Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides in tragedy ; Aristophanes in comedy ).

The Hetairideia, a festival pertaining to the sacred relationship which bound the king and his companions together was celebrated and even Euripides, the famed Athenian play writer, was honoured as an hetairos of the king Archelaus.

Micca's wine-skin baby is obviously a demonstration of the irrational and subversive nature of women but so also is the female assembly-it represents a state within the Athenian state and its assumed jurisdiction over Euripides is in fact illegal.

Written between 408, after the Orestes, and 406 BC, the year of Euripides's death, the play was first produced the following year in a trilogy with The Bacchae and Alcmaeon in Corinth by his son or nephew, Euripides the Younger, and won the first place at the Athenian city Dionysia.

Alcestis (, Alkēstis ) is an Athenian tragedy by the ancient Greek playwright Euripides.