* Birmingham, David ( 2006 ) Empire in Africa: Angola and its Neighbors, Athens / Ohio: Ohio University Press

* Angola is represented in Bulgaria through its embassy in Athens ( Greece ).

Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning around 3, 400 years.

The word acropolis literally in Greek means " city on the extremity " and though associated primarily with the Greek cities Athens, Argos, Thebes, and Corinth ( with its Acrocorinth ), may be applied generically to all such citadels, including Rome, Jerusalem, Celtic Bratislava, many in Asia Minor, or even Castle Rock in Edinburgh.

The most famous example is the Acropolis of Athens, which, by reason of its historical associations and the several famous buildings erected upon it ( most notably the Parthenon ), is known without qualification as the Acropolis.

Throughout the 5th century BC, Athens sought to consolidate its control over Thrace, which was strategically important because of its primary materials ( the gold and silver of the Pangaion hills and the dense forests essential for naval construction ), and the sea routes vital for Athens ' supply of grain from Scythia.

He was the first of its rulers to have relations with other countries ; he entered into an alliance with Hippias of Athens, and when Hippias was driven out of Athens he offered him the territory of Anthemus on the Thermaic Gulf.

The boule coordinated the activities of the various boards and magistrates that carried out the administrative functions of Athens and provided from its own membership randomly selected boards of ten responsible for areas ranging from naval affairs to religious observances.

At times the imperialist democracy acted with extreme brutality, as in the decision to execute the entire male population of Melos and sell off its women and children simply for refusing to became subjects of Athens.

This led to the first of a number of periods in which an outside power controlled Athens ; Often the outside power set up a local agent as political boss in Athens ; but when Athens was independent, it operated under its traditional form of government ; even the bosses, like Demetrius of Phalerum, kept the traditional institutions in formal existence.

After Rome became an Empire under Augustus, the nominal independence of Athens dissolved and its government converged to the normal type for a Roman municipality, with a Senate ( gerousia ) of decuriones.

* Meier C. 1998, Athens: a portrait of the city in its Golden Age ( translated by R. and R. Kimber ).

The League's modern name derives from its official meeting place, the island of Delos, where congresses were held in the temple and where the treasury stood until, in a symbolic gesture, Pericles moved it to Athens in 454 BC.

Shortly after its inception, Athens began to use the League's navy for its own purposes.

To further strengthen Athens ' grip on its empire, Pericles in 450 began a policy of establishing cleruchiai — quasi-colonies that remained tied to Athens and which served as garrisons to maintain control of the League's vast territory.

Under the Latin Duchy of Athens, the Acropolis functioned as the city's administrative center, with the Parthenon as its cathedral, and the Propylaia as part of the Ducal Palace.

In his account, ancient Athens seems to represent the " perfect society " and Atlantis its opponent, representing the very antithesis of the " perfect " traits described in the Republic.

* Koine Greek: The fusion of various ancient Greek dialects with Attic, the dialect of Athens, resulted in the creation of the first common Greek dialect, which became a lingua franca across Eastern Mediterranean and Near East.

Lemnos later adopted the Attic dialect of Athens.

Attic Greek is the prestige dialect of Ancient Greek that was spoken in Attica, which includes Athens.

" Old Attic " is a term used for the dialect of Thucydides ( 460-400 BC ) and the dramatists of Athens ' remarkable 5th century ; " New Attic " is used for the language of later writers.

The Ionic dialect was also spoken on islands across the central Aegean and on the large island of Euboea north of Athens.

Ionic acquired prestige among Greek speakers because of its association with the language used by both Homer and Herodotus and the close linguistic relationship with the Attic dialect as spoken in Athens.

Had the Boeotians been speakers of an Ionic dialect, like that spoken in Athens, there would have been overlap in the names of months.

Drama was particularly developed in Athens, so works are written in Attic dialect.

The form of these letters is exquisitely beautiful, and the language is the pure Attic dialect, such as it was spoken in the best times in familiar but refined conversation at Athens.

Within this classical ideal certain authors and their modes of language were held up as models of an elevated style and good form as for instance the Attic dialect of ancient Greek associated with the great philosophers and dramatists of Periclean Athens, or Ciceronian Latin.

An inscription bearing his name has been found at Athens, written in Ionic dialect.

Aristotle remained at the academy for nearly twenty years before quitting Athens in 348 / 47 BC.

An independent Athens was a minor power in the Hellenistic age ; it rarely had much in the way of foreign policy ; it generally remained at peace, allied either with the Ptolemaic dynasty, or later, with Rome ; when it went to war, the result ( as in the Lamian, Chremonidean, and Mithridatic War ) was usually disastrous.

However, in a decision of great historic significance, the Persian king Darius the Great decided that, despite successfully subduing the revolt, there remained the unfinished business of exacting punishment on Athens and Eretria for supporting the revolt.

By the terms of the Thirty Years ' Peace ( 445 BC ) Athens covenanted to restore to Aegina her autonomy, but the clause remained a dead letter.

Therefore, even after Athens had fallen to the Persians, and the Persian navy had arrived off the coast of Salamis, the Allied navy remained in the Straits.

Although the city remained neutral in the conflict between Athens and Syracuse, its democracy was overthrown when the city was sacked by the Carthaginians in 406 BC.

As long as the power of Athens remained intact he did not meddle in Greek affairs.

From its obscure origins in the theaters of Athens 2, 500 years ago, from which there survives only a fraction of the work of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, through its singular articulations in the works of Shakespeare, Lope de Vega, Racine, and Schiller, to the more recent naturalistic tragedy of Strindberg, Beckett's modernist meditations on death, loss and suffering, and Müller's postmodernist reworkings of the tragic canon, tragedy has remained an important site of cultural experimentation, negotiation, struggle, and change.

While many city-states throughout the Greek world broke down into vicious cycles of civil war and reprisal, Athens remained united and democratic, without interruption, until near the end of the 3rd century BC, and democracy, albeit interrupted several times by conquest or revolution, continued there until Roman times, several centuries later.

They were commanded to evacuate to Athens, but many did not ; furthermore, much of the region remained unconquered.

The seat remained vacant until a special election in July 2007 which was won by Republican Athens physician Paul Broun.

When, after the death of Alexander, anti-Macedonian feeling forced Aristotle to leave Athens, Theophrastus remained behind as head ( scholarch ) of the peripatetic school, a position he continued to hold after Aristotle's death in 322 / 1.

In the wake of Athens ' surrender, the long walls were torn down and the troops besieging the city returned to their various homes ; a Spartan garrison probably remained in Athens to supervise the dismantling of the walls ; Lysander sailed off to Samos to complete the siege of that city.

It then became the seat for Clarke County and remained so until 1872, when Athens took over that role.

Metics remained citizens of their cities of birth, which, like Athens, had the exclusionary ancestral view of citizenship common to ancient Greek cities.

The settlers or cleruchs would retain their Athenian citizenship and the community remained a political dependency of Athens.

Though enrolled in the Delian League it remained disaffected towards Athens, and in 477 had to be coerced by the establishment of a cleruchy on the island ; nevertheless, in 411 Andros proclaimed its freedom, and in 408 withstood an Athenian attack.

This child was named Manoli Tangas, was brought to Athens and remained there after Otto's 1862 departure, living as a merchant trader with children of his own.

In 411 BC, during the Peloponnesian War, Neapolis was sieged by the allied armies of the Spartans and the Thassians, but remained faithful to Athens.

He came over to Greece to be present at the Olympic games, where he fell in with Ischomachus the agriculturist, and by his description was filled with so ardent a desire to see Socrates, that he went to Athens for the purpose, and remained with him almost up to the time of his execution, 399 BCE.

While Athens remained neutral, the Achaeans, Arcadians and Elis became his allies, with the important exception of Megalopolis, the staunchly anti-Spartan capital of Arcadia.