Bacterial cell walls are different from the cell walls of plants and fungi which are made of cellulose and chitin, respectively.

* Bacterial cell structure

# Bacterial ( E. coli ) DNA is grown in a media containing heavy nitrogen ( N15 ) through many cell divisions.

* Bacterial conjugation, a process in which a bacterial cell transfers genetic material to another cell by cell-to-cell contact.

* Bacterial conjugation, a process in which a bacterial cell transfers genetic material to another cell by cell-to-cell contact.

* Bacterial capsule, a layer that lies outside the cell wall of bacteria.

Bacterial cells are harvested via centrifugation and the resulting cell pellet lysed either by physical means or by means of detergents and enzymes such as lysozyme.

Other origins of replication include pSC101 ( derived from Salmonella, around 5 copies per cell ), 15A origin ( derived from p15A, 10-20 copies per cell ) and Bacterial artificial chromosomes ( 1 copy per cell ).

His subsequent work on chemical changes in the bacterial cell proved to be of great importance in later research work on antibiotics and therapeutic agents, and his book, The Chemical Kinetics of the Bacterial Cell was published in 1946, followed by Growth, Function and Regulation in Bacterial Cells in 1966.

* Bacterial cell structure

Bacterial ABC transporters are essential in cell viability, virulence, and pathogenicity.

Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ), an endotoxin found on the bacterial cell membrane of a bacterium, is considered to be the prototypical PAMP.

Bacterial cell surface and secreted proteins are also of interest for their potential as vaccine candidates or as diagnostic targets.

Bacterial type IV pilins are similar in structure to the component flagellins of Archaeal flagella.

Bacterial and viral acute sinusitis are difficult to distinguish.

* Bacterial flagella are helical filaments, each with a rotary motor at its base which can turn clockwise or counterclockwise.

* Bacterial flagella are motorized by a flow of H < sup >+</ sup > ions ( or occasionally Na < sup >+</ sup > ions ); archaeal flagella are almost certainly powered by ATP.

* Bacterial flagella are thicker than archaella Archaellum, and the bacterial filament has a large enough hollow " tube " inside that the flagellin subunits can flow up the inside of the filament and get added at the tip ; the archaellum is too thin ( 12-15 nm ) to allow this.

Bacterial lawns ( often of Serratia marcescens ) are also used extensively when as an assay method when using bacteriophage as tracers in studies of groundwater flow.

Bacterial toxins such as those from Bacillus thuringiensis which are evolved to affect the gut of Lepidoptera have been used in sprays of bacterial spores, toxin extracts and also by incorporating genes to produce them within the host plants.

Bacterial and fungal proteases are particularly important to the global carbon and nitrogen cycles in the recycling of proteins, and such activity tends to be regulated in by nutritional signals in these organisms.

Bacterial DNAs are methylated periodically throughout the genome.

Bacterial species possesses distinct DHFR enzymes ( based on their pattern of binding diaminoheterocyclic molecules ), but mammalian DHFRs are highly similar.

Bacterial strains that have the cagA gene are associated with an ability to cause ulcers.

Bacterial cells are much smaller than human cells, and there are at least ten times as many bacteria as human cells in the body ( approximately 10 < sup > 14 </ sup > versus 10 < sup > 13 </ sup >).

Bacterial endospores are most resistant to disinfectants, but some viruses and bacteria also possess some tolerance.

Bacterial tektons are typical of the lake.

In addition to the filter fluorometers shown above, fluorometers are used extensively in Life Science research for various assays such as Alkaline Phosphatase, Bacterial Viability, B-Galactosidase, Cell Proliferation, RNA Quantitation, DNA Quantitation, Enzyme Assays, Protein Quantitation, and Reporter Gene Assays.

Bacterial contaminants are ubiquitous, and foods left unused too long will often be contaminated by substantial amounts of bacterial colonies and become dangerous to eat, leading to food poisoning.

Bacterial Halorhodopsins or Proton pumps are the two classes of proteins used for inhibitory optogenetics, achieving inhibition by increasing cytoplasmic levels of halides ( Cl -) or decreasing the cytoplasmic concentration of protons, respectively.

Bacterial organisms are sometimes included in a flora, and sometimes the terms bacterial flora and plant flora are used separately.

The genes that regulate SAg expression also regulate mechanisms of immune evasion such as M protein and Bacterial capsule expression, supporting the hypothesis that SAg production evolved primarily as a mechanism of immune evasion.

Bacterial viability is compromised in dam mutants that also lack certain other DNA repair enzymes, providing further evidence for the role of Dam in DNA repair.

Bacterial and viral infections can also cause fasciation.

Bacterial Myocarditis has also been reported secondarily to sepsis.

* Bacterial vaginosis ( BV ) associated with the Gardnerella, formerly called " nonspecific vaginitis "

Bacterial growth is the division of one bacterium into two daughter cells in a process called binary fission.

A distinct, gelatinous glycocalyx is called a Bacterial capsule, while an irregular, diffuse layer is called a slime layer.

* Bacterial vaginosis, commonly associated with overgrowth of Gardnerella species and coinfective anaerobes ( Mobiluncus, Bacteroides ), in symptomatic patients

* Ernst J. D. and Stendahl O., ( editors ), Phagocytosis of Bacteria and Bacterial Pathogenicity, Cambridge University Press, 2006, ISBN 0-521-84569-6 Website

“ The Gut Microbiota and Human Health with an Emphasis on the Use of Microencapsulated Bacterial Cells ”, Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ( 2011 ),

Bacterial diseases in dogs are usually not contagious from dog to dog ; instead they are usually the result of wound colonization, opportunistic infections secondary to decreased resistance ( often the result of viral infections ), or secondary to other conditions ( pyoderma secondary to skin allergies or pyometra secondary to cystic endometrial hyperplasia ).