The term Vascuence, derived from Latin vasconĭce, has acquired negative connotations over the centuries and is not well liked amongst Basque speakers generally.

The impossibility of linking Basque with its Indo-European neighbors in Europe has inspired many scholars to search for its possible relatives elsewhere.

* Vasconic substratum hypothesis: This proposal, by the German linguist Theo Vennemann, claims that there is enough toponymical evidence to conclude that Basque is the only survivor of a larger family that once extended throughout most of Europe, and has also left its mark in modern Indo-European languages spoken in Europe.

The region in which Basque is spoken today has contracted over centuries and is thus smaller than what is known as the Basque Country, or Euskal Herria in Basque.

However, the rise of Basque nationalism spurred increased interest in the language as a sign of ethnic identity, and with the establishment of autonomous governments, it has recently made a modest comeback.

The language has official status in those territories that are within the Basque Autonomous Community, where it is spoken and promoted heavily, but only partially in Navarre.

It now has special exhibitions on Basque agriculture, seafaring and pelota, handicrafts and Basque history and way of life.

The centre-left group has five seats, the Basque nationalist Baiona Berria have two and the communist LCR one.

As he has no shield, the Basque uses a pillow to protect himself, which saves him when Don Quixote strikes him.

While tensions remain ( for example, with Muslim immigrants and in the Basque region ), modern Spain has seen the development of a robust, modern democracy as a constitutional monarchy with popular King Juan Carlos, one of the fastest-growing standards of living in Europe, entry into the European Community, and the 1992 Summer Olympics.

By contrast, so far as is known, the Basque language is an absolute isolate: It has not been shown to be related to any other language despite numerous attempts, though it has been influenced by neighboring Romance languages.

The Sino-Caucasian hypothesis has been expanded by others to " Dené – Caucasian " to include the Na-Dené languages of North America, Burushaski, Basque and, occasionally, Etruscan.

Squatting has always been related with the Basque independence movement.

Since the 19th century, Basque nationalism has demanded the right of some kind of self-determination.

Humboldt's work as a philologist in Basque has had more extensive impact than his other work.

For example, in Basque the noun mutil (" boy ") takes the bare singular article-a both as subject of the intransitive clause mutila etorri da (" the boy came ") and as object of the transitive clause Irakasleak mutila ikusi du (" the teacher has seen the boy "), in which the subject bears the ergative ending-a-k.

Navarre, a historical kingdom in its own right, has a culture that is mainly Basque in the north and closer to that of Old Castile in the south, especially in La Rioja and Aragon, in the south.

This has been demonstrated by various Aquitanian names and words that were recorded by the Romans, and which are currently easily readable as Basque.

Notwithstanding different interpretations on his first language, no evidence suggests that Xavier's mother tongue was other than Basque, as stated by himself and confirmed by the sociolinguistic environment of the time.

With the club's financial position relatively healthy and with few, if any, replacements available under their Basque signing policy, Athletic took a rigid stance on the matter, whereby no offers would be accepted by them and any players wishing to leave would have to meet their inflated contract buyout clause.

Overview: Designated as a State Sponsor of Terrorism in 1982, the Government of Cuba maintained a public stance against terrorism and terrorist financing in 2010, but there was no evidence that it had severed ties with elements from the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia ( FARC ) and recent media reports indicate some current and former members of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty ( ETA ) continue to reside in Cuba.

However, other sources claim that the work was, in fact, a copy of one João de Lobeira, not the Basque troubadour Vasco de Lobeira, and that it was a translation into Castilian Spanish of an earlier work, probably from the beginning of the 14th century, although no privimitive version in the original Portuguese is known.

It is estimated ( for example for small Antioquia, a region where hundreds of Spaniards arrived, of which a good portion were Basque, some limited aspects of the culture and traditions brought by Basque settlers, without even mention his particular language, it has been unclear to track the use of Euskara in the current Antioquia and Colombia, because the Basque language was always an outcast, which apparently left no written evidence in Antioquia.

There is no indication to resistance to Roman occupation in all the Basque area ( excepting Aquitaine ) until the late feudalizing period.

On 15 February 2005 he criticised the Plan Ibarretxe for its position on Basque Country independence, saying that its call for separate Basque representation within the EU had no place within the proposed EU constitution.

Popular fish recipes are enchilado ( shrimp, fish, crab or lobster in a sauce that, despite its name, contains no chili ), and à la vizcaína, a tomato-based sauce of Basque origin used to cook bacalao ( salted cod ).

Yet there is no evidence in German air doctrine, or in German battle plans to suggest Guernica was targeted to break Basque civilian morale.

Although It has no official status in the Northern Basque Country in France.

The town also housed two Basque army battalions, although it had no static air defences, and it was thought that no air cover could be expected due to recent losses of the Republican Air Force.

After the time of the Antonines, Camille Jullian finds no specimen of swastikas, round nor straight, in the Basque area until modern times.

During the 1960s he, along with other Basque artists, founded the cultural group Ez Dok Amairu (" There is no 13 "), which in many ways sought to revitalize Basque culture, long dormant under the Francoist regime.

These were followed by 12, and Laboa skipped number 13 in homage to the group Ez Dok Amairu, whose name means " There's no 13 " in Basque.

Afrikaans ( af ), Akan ( ak ), Albanian ( sq ), Arabic ( ar ), Armenian ( hy ), Assamese ( as ), Asturian ( ast ), Basque ( eu ), Belarusian ( be ), Bengali ( India and Bangladesh ) ( bn ), Bosnian ( bs ), Breton ( br ), Bulgarian ( bg ), Catalan ( ca ), Chinese ( Simplified and Traditional ) ( zh ), Croatian ( hr ), Czech ( cs ), Danish ( da ), Dutch ( nl ), English ( Britain, South Africa, and US ) ( en ), Esperanto ( eo ), Estonian ( et ), Finnish ( fi ), Fula ( ff ), French ( fr ), Frisian ( fy ), Friulian ( fur ) < sup id =" fn_1_back "> 1 </ sup >, Gaelic ( gd ), Galician ( gl ), Georgian ( ka ), German ( de ), Greek ( el ), Gujarati ( gu ), Hebrew ( he ), Hindi ( hi ), Hungarian ( hu ), Icelandic ( is ), Indonesian ( id ), Irish ( ga ), Italian ( it ), Japanese ( ja ), Kannada ( kn ), Kashubian ( csb ), Khmer ( km ), Kazakh ( kk ), Korean ( ko ), Kurdish ( ku ), Latvian ( lv ), Ligurian ( lig ), Lithuanian ( lt ), Luganda ( lg ), Macedonian ( mk ), Maithili ( mai ), Malayalam ( ml ), Marathi ( mr ), Northern Sotho ( nso ), Mongolian ( mn ) < sup id =" fn_2_back "> 2 </ sup >, Norwegian ( Bokmål ) ( no ), Norwegian ( Nynorsk ) ( nn ), Occitan ( oc ), Oriya ( or ), Persian ( fa ), Polish ( pl ), Portuguese ( Brazil and Portugal ) ( pt ), Punjabi ( pa ), Romanian ( ro ), Romansh ( rm ), Russian ( ru ), Serbian ( sr ), Sinhala ( si ), Slovak ( sk ), Slovenian ( sl ), Songhai ( son ), Spanish ( Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Spain ) ( es ), Swedish ( sv ), Tamil ( ta ), Tamil ( Sri Lanka ) ( ta ), Tatar ( tt ) < sup id =" fn_1_back "> 1 </ sup >, Telugu ( te ), Thai ( th ), Turkish ( tr ), Ukrainian ( uk ), Vietnamese ( vi ), Welsh ( cy ), Zulu ( zu )

Despite an urban legend that the Basque people ate placentas, there is no evidence that they ever did, and the Euskara word for placenta, karena, is not etymologically related to their word for cannibalism, gizajana.

Guernica (; official and ) is a town in the province of Biscay, in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, Spain.

1654 civilians were killed according to the official Basque figures, but the German sources report a round figure of 300 civilians killed in the bombing, according to the German Bundeswehr Magazine ( published in April 2007, page 94 ).

(" Anthem of the Basque Ethnicity "), also known as Euskadiko Ereserkia, is the official anthem of the Basque Country ( Spain ).

Basque also has official status in the Basque-speaking area.

* Gora ta gora, official Basque anthem

Athletic official policy is signing professional players native to or footballistically trained in the greater Basque Country, including Biscay, Guipúzcoa, Álava, Navarre and La Rioja ( in Spain ); and Labourd, Soule and Lower Navarre ( in France ).

In addition to Castilian Spanish being the primary official language of Spain, the kingdom also has several co-official regional languages which enjoy equal and unbiased constitutional protection and promotion: Catalan / Valencian ( in Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands ), Galician ( in Galicia ), Basque ( in the Basque Country and Navarre ) and Aranese ( in Val d ' Aran, Catalonia ).

El castellano ( Castilian ) by contrast, is more often used when contrasting the language with other regional languages of Spain: official languages like Basque, Catalan and Galician or unofficial ones like Aragonese, Asturian, Extremaduran, Leonese and so on.

“ Bizkaia ” is the Basque denomination recommended by the Royal Academy of the Basque language, and it is commonly used on official documents on that language.

Despite Franco being Galician, in accordance with his nationalist principles, he abolished the official statute and recognition for the Basque, Galician, and Catalan languages that the Second Spanish Republic had granted for the first time in the history of Spain.

Still, even during the time when France did not send official explorers, Breton and Basque fishermen came to the new territories to stock up on codfish and whale oil.

Arrasate or Mondragón ( Basque and Spanish official names, Mondragoe is an unofficial Basque name )-is a town and municipality in Gipuzkoa province, Basque Country, Spain.

Some of the languages of France are also cross-border languages ( for example, Basque, Catalan, Picard, Norman, Franco-Provençal, Dutch, Occitan, Franc-Comtois and others ), some of which enjoy a recognised or official status in the respective neighbouring state or territory ( including French itself in Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland and in the Val-d ' Aoste ).

The official recognition of Spain's other written languages — Catalan, Basque, and Galician — legally allowed the autonomous communities to re-establish their vernacular social identity, including the legal use of personal names in the local languages and written traditions — banned since 1938 — sometimes via the re-spelling of names from Castilian Spanish to their original languages.

A bilingual Basque-Spanish speaker will not necessarily bear a Basque name, and a monolingual Spanish speaker can use a Basque name or a Basque hypocoristic of an official Spanish name.