Before about 1860, most bay shores ( exception: rocky shores such as those in Carquinez Strait, along Marin shoreline, Point Richmond, Golden Gate area ) contained extensive wetlands that graded nearly invisibly from freshwater wetlands to salt marsh and then tidal mudflat.

Before Nice was returned to France in 1860, the Var marked the eastern border of France along the Mediterranean.

Before and during the American Civil War, the new editors pushed an abolitionist agenda and strongly supported Abraham Lincoln, whom Medill helped secure the Presidency in 1860.

Before the high court could make a decision, however, the Legislature took action on January 14, 1860, confirming the location of the county seat at Rolla.

Before the outbreak of Civil War, McClellan became active in politics, supporting the presidential campaign of Democrat Stephen A. Douglas in the 1860 election.

Before his death in 1861, Kuniyoshi was able to witness the opening of the port city of Yokohama to foreigners, and in 1860 produced two works depicting Westerners in the city ( Yokohama-e, ex.

Before her death in 1871, she bore Remond four children: Amy Matilda ( 1859 – 72 ), Charles Lenox, Jr. ( 1860 – 82 ), Wendell Phillips ( 1863 – 66 ), and Albert Ernest ( 1866 – 1903 ).

Before Kowloon was ceded to Britain in 1860, many villages were present in the area.

Before 1850 a lightly populated rural farming area, Llwynypia experienced a population boom between 1860 and 1920 with the sinking of several coal mines after the discovery of large coal deposits throughout the Rhondda Valleys.

Before 1840 such communities were known as " communist and socialist settlements "; by 1860 they were called " communitarian " and around 1920 the term " intentional community " was used.

Before the later signatories could put their names to the document, however, it found its way into the editorial offices of the Berliner Musik-Zeitung Echo, and from there was leaked to the Neue Zeitschrift itself, which parodied it on May 4, 1860.

Before the 1860 season, Creighton left the Star Club and joined one of the highest-profile clubs in the game at the time, Excelsior of Brooklyn.

Before the annexation of the County of Nice to France in 1860, the Nizzardo Italians spoke a dialect very similar to the Monégasque.

Before 1872, different states held elections at various times ; the first elections for the 37th Congress were held on August 6, 1860 in Arkansas and Missouri, while the last election took place in California on September 4, 1861, a year later.

Before the test flight the balloon was renamed the Great Western, on the advice of newspaperman Horace Greeley, to rival the maiden voyage of the steamship Great Eastern in the spring of 1860.

Before 1860, this wreath consisted of laurel leaves, a traditional Neoclassical image, but beginning that year, the wreath was enlarged and was filled not only with leaves, but also traditional American agricultural products, such as corn and wheat.

Before this Congress, the 1860 United States Census and resulting reapportionment changed the size of the House to 241 members.

* Before 1860: Mark is " Wedgwood ".

Before 1933, individuals who opposed trade unions and collective bargaining said so in plain English.

The terms " Common Era ", " Anno Domini ", " Before the Common Era " and " Before Christ " in contemporary English can be applied to dates that rely on either the Julian calendar or the Gregorian calendar.

Before the fighting, the Parliament of England did not have a large permanent role in the English system of government, functioning as a temporary advisory committee, summoned by the monarch whenever the Crown required additional tax revenue, and subject to dissolution by the monarch at any time.

Before the English Civil War, a pamphlet by William Neade entitled The Double-Armed Man advocated that soldiers be trained in both the longbow and pike ; this advice was followed only by a few town militias.

Before them, in 1784, the English chemist and physicist Henry Cavendish had discovered that air contains a small proportion of a substance less reactive than nitrogen.

Before the advent of copyright, anonymous and pseudonymous publication was a common practice in the sixteenth century publishing world, and a passage in the Arte of English Poesie ( 1589 ), the leading work of literary criticism of the Elizabethan period and an anonymously published work itself, mentions in passing that literary figures in the court who wrote " commendably well " circulated their poetry only among their friends, " as if it were a discredit for a gentleman to seem learned " ( Book 1, Chapter 8 ).

Before the contemporary period, the most significant scholar of Proclus in the English speaking world was Thomas Taylor, who produced English translations of most of his works, with commentaries.

Before the 20th century, the term was uncommon in English, and usually referred to the description or study of the useful arts.

Before initial contact ( 1650 ), the English, based on reports from Algonquian natives, thought the three tribes were one people, grouped by the Algonquian exonym as the Mangoag.

" Before and after the English Bill of Rights, the government could always disarm any individual or class of individuals it considered dangerous to the peace of the realm.

* 1264 – Before May – Second Barons ' War, an English civil war, begins.

Before the Battle of Agincourt, victory looks uncertain, and the young king's heroic character emerges in his decision to wander around the English camp at night, in disguise, so as to comfort his soldiers and determine what they really think of him.

Hofstadter later recognized ( what he saw as ) the influence of Darwinist and other evolutionary ideas upon those with collectivist views, enough to devise a term for the phenomenon, “ Darwinist collectivism .” Before Hofstadter's work the use of the term in English academic journals was quite rare.

Before Charles's restoration, the Navigation Acts of 1650 had hurt Dutch trade by giving English vessels a monopoly, and had started the First Dutch War ( 1652 – 1654 ).

Before his execution, Keitel published Mein Leben: Pflichterfüllung bis zum Untergang: Hitlers Feldmarschall und Chef des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht in Selbstzeugnissen, otherwise known in English as In the Service of the Reich, and was later re-edited as The Memoirs of Field-Marshal Keitel by Walter Görlitz from a translation by David Irving as the author in 1965.

Before the Spaniards return, an English ship appears ; mutineers have commandeered the vessel and intend to maroon their captain on the island.

Before writing A Dictionary of Modern English Usage, Henry Fowler and his younger brother, Francis George Fowler ( 1871 – 1918 ), wrote and revised The King's English ( 1906 ), a grammar and usage guide later superseded by this book in the 1930s.

Before 1991, the city was usually spelled Ashkabad in English, a transliteration of the Russian form, which was itself from the original Persian form.

Before 1921, the race was run in the clockwise tradition of English racing.

Before 1881, when Charles Daniel Dance wrote his Chapters From a Guianese Log-book, he noticed, The children all talked a Dutch patois besides the Arawak Indian tongue ; and with a Dutch teacher to instruct them, it is not difficult to conceive the manner in which they read their English lessons.

Before the advent of Christianity, the Midsummer festival in Finland, today known as Juhannus after John the Baptist ( Finnish: Johannes Kastaja ), was held in honor of Ukko and called Ukon juhla ( English: Festival of Ukko ).

Before 2009 – 10, the playoffs format was identical to that of the English Premiership with the exception of neutral sites for the semifinals.

Before the release of Hang ' Em High Eastwood had already begun working on Coogan's Bluff, about an Arizona deputy sheriff tracking a wanted psychopathic criminal ( Don Stroud ) through the streets of New York City.

Before becoming a detective, an officer must attend a law enforcement academy, providing the officer with a foundation of education with sixteen to twenty-four college units in criminal justice or administration of criminal justice.

Before his death in 2012, he was the most wanted war criminal world-wide

* In Francis Iles's novel Before the Fact ( 1932 ), which is also set among the landed gentry ( and which was filmed in 1941 by Alfred Hitchcock as Suspicion ), a wealthy young woman becomes the wife, and eventually the victim, of a ruthless criminal.

Before there was any general form of criminal appeal, a royal judge might grant a pardon either by way of clemency, because he felt the law was harsh ( for example, in the case of child convicts ) or the verdict dubious, to seek popular approval, or otherwise in the public interest.

Before autumn 2008, when dealing with first-instance criminal business in the winter, a High Court judge of the Queen's Bench Division wore a scarlet robe with fur facings, a black scarf and girdle ( waistband ) and a scarlet casting-hood or tippet.

Before World War II, Flossenbürg was a men's camp primarily for " antisocial " or " criminal " prisoners.

Before long, the boarders learn that police are seeking Vautrin, revealed to be a master criminal nicknamed Trompe-la-Mort (" Cheater of Death ").

Before entering politics, he qualified as a barrister at the Inner Temple, and practised in arbitration and criminal law as a member of Goldsmiths Chambers.

* The Equal Justice Before the Law Act -- to crackdown on white collar crime ( e. g. levy stiff penalties in conjunction with savings and loan bailout ; ban on bidding by companies that defraud federal government on procurement contracts ; impose criminal penalties for willful violation of child labor laws by employers that result in serious bodily injury or death of minors in the workplace ; treat child labor imports as contraband ; and eliminate deductibility of legal expenses when a company is accused of a crime );

Before becoming a professional criminal, he worked as a driver and hawker in Mumbai.

Guidotti stated, " Before Chuck Graner ever became known as this sadistic criminal, I'm going to tell you what I saw — the last image of Chuck Graner burned into my mind: I guess he's 22, his eyes red with tears, crying, holding his little girl with his wife beside him.

Before surfacing, he managed to get his criminal charges dropped so he did not face any legal penalties.

Before disclosing the identity of responsible criminal, the lights go out, shots are fired, and Hofmeister becomes mad.

Before becoming a judge he was Assistant Attorney General for the Department of Justice's criminal division from 2001 to 2003.

Before the establishment and expansion of the mobile forces of special police corps in the ROC, Military Police troops were the main force to secure and prevent high-profile criminal activities, heavy violence, and frequent society disorders or riots.

Before Doctor Destiny could further his criminal ends, however, the Leaguers discovered his treachery as Green Arrow had heard a member had been captured and was being impersonated from an underworld informant, but were captured by his Will-Deadening beam, that also had Kryptonite as an element.

Before entering Parliament, Hanna practised law, primarily in the areas of injury litigation and criminal defence.

Before escaping the Raft, the Purple Man attempts to kill a comatose Puppet Master in the prison infirmary, and makes statements indicating that he was behind the Puppet Master's manipulation of Misty Knight's Heroes for Hire organization, using them to establish a criminal organization by proxy while incarcerated.