Before 1938, the federal courts, like almost all other common law courts, decided the law on any issue where the relevant legislature ( either the U. S. Congress or state legislature, depending on the issue ), had not acted, by looking to courts in the same system, that is, other federal courts, even on issues of state law, and even where there was no express grant of authority from Congress or the Constitution.

Before she leaves she sternly notes that her daughter will not disclose any information whatsoever about her family, past, or herself and that Carmilla is of sound mind.

Before the fighting, the Parliament of England did not have a large permanent role in the English system of government, functioning as a temporary advisory committee, summoned by the monarch whenever the Crown required additional tax revenue, and subject to dissolution by the monarch at any time.

Before the snap of the ball, in the American game, backfield players may only move parallel to the line of scrimmage, only one back may be in motion at any given time, and if forward motion has occurred, the back must be still for a full second before the snap.

Before the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks, the FBI director would directly brief the President of the United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI.

Before any graphic elements may be applied to a design, the graphic elements must be originated by means of visual art skills.

* Short-lived nature of gene therapy – Before gene therapy can become a permanent cure for any condition, the therapeutic DNA introduced into target cells must remain functional and the cells containing the therapeutic DNA must be long-lived and stable.

" Before she can cry any further, Rhett asks Scarlett to marry him saying, " I always intended having you, one way or another.

Before placement of an IUD, a medical history and physical examination by a medical professional is useful to check for any contraindications or concerns.

Before any further steps could be taken at Rome, Gregory XI died ( 1378 ).

Before purchasing any work supposedly by Schwitters, it is best to consult the Kurt Schwitters Archive at the Sprengel Museum in Hannover, Germany.

Before that, most of these patterns were more connected to geographical regions than to any clan.

Before the late 19th century, the word " Lesbian " referred to any derivative or aspect of Lesbos, including a type of wine.

Before any institution invests a great deal of time and energy into building high-quality e-learning content ( which can cost over $ 10, 000 per classroom hour ), it needs to consider how this content can be easily loaded into a Learning Management System.

# Before any custodial interrogation began did the government agents properly advise the defendant of her Miranda rights? If “ Yes ” go to 6 ; If “ No ”, go to 18 ..

Before its establishment, Rulers were immune from any proceedings brought against them in their personal capacity.

Before Moses went up the mountain to receive the tablets, he told the elders to direct any questions that arose to Aaron or Hur.

Before then, the game was only available on a limited basis on the Commodore 64 due to few publishers showing any interest in porting it.

Before 1700, London brewers sent out their beer very young and any aging was either performed by the publican or a dealer.

Before the days of cultured pearls, black pearls were rare and highly valued for the simple reason that white pearl oysters rarely produced naturally black pearls, and black pearl oysters rarely produced any natural pearls at all.

Before taking any steps to meet the wishes of Michael, Louis asked the pope's permission for a number of his bishops to assemble and make a selection of passages from the Fathers to elucidate the question that the Greeks had put before them.

Before leaving Hollywood for Europe in 1952, following the problematic production The Crimson Pirate for Warner Bros., his third and last film with Burt Lancaster, Siodmak had directed some of the era's best film noirs, more than any other director who worked in that genre, twelve in all.

* Before 3: 50 a. m .: The Jerusalem Post reports that Osama bin Laden has given a speech denying any connection to the attacks, which he called admirable.

Before 2005, Seattle had the longest drought of playoff victories of any NFL team, dating back to the 1984 season.

Before the advent of the British, no empire based in mainland India had controlled any part of what now makes up the country's Northeast, part of the reason for the ongoing insurgency in Northeast India.

Before embarking on a sea voyage, planning and preparation will include studying charts, almanacs and navigation books and recent weather conditions of the route to be followed.

Before the 1974 season began, the Padres were on the verge of being sold to Joseph Danzansky, who was planning to move the franchise to Washington, D. C. by the beginning of the 1974 season.

Before his death in 1989, Leone was part way through planning a film on the Siege of Leningrad during World War II.

Before each mission is a planning stage, during which the player is given a briefing, and then chooses the operatives to be involved in the mission, their weapons, equipment and uniform / camouflage.

Before incorporating, the community elected a town planning committee in 1962, and then elected a town committee in 1972.

Before his death, Lynott was planning a third solo album, and had spoken to Downey about a possible reformation of Thin Lizzy around March 1986, with Gorham and Sykes, and had booked studio time for January of that year.

Before radioactive sources can be delivered to the tumour site, the applicators have to be inserted and correctly positioned in line with the initial planning.

Before the end of the 1960s, however, Bulgarian economic planning moved back toward the conventional CPE approach.

Before the primary, he made it known that he was not planning to run for president and that any delegates pledged to him would not be committed to vote for him after the first round.

Before he died in 1966, he was planning the design of an aircraft to travel at Mach 4, or four times the speed of sound.

Before this, he also worked as Head Technician of Generalitat's linguistic planning policy ( 1981 – 1988 ) and headed the Cultural Territorial Services of the Generalitat at Tarragona ( 1982 to 1984 ).

Before his election to the Commons, Cook worked variously as a gravedigger, a Butlins Redcoat, a transport manager at a steelworks, a teacher, and a construction planning engineer.

In March 2005, the United States Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) made 8-1-1 the universal number for the 71 regional services that coordinate location services for underground public utilities in the U. S. Before that time, each of these " call before you dig " services had its own 800 number, and the FCC and others wanted to make it as easy as possible for everyone planning an excavation to call first.

Before joining the United Nations, Dr. Sadik was Director-General of the Pakistan Central Family Planning Council, the Government agency charged with carrying out the national family planning programme.

Before her political career she had several short teaching posts in University of Helsinki and Kauppakorkeakoulu and she was planning a scientist / researcher career in economic sciences

Before the invasion of Japan in 1942, Semarang had already become the capital of Central Java Province, as the result of trade and industrial success and spatial planning.

Before Grau and Murnau collaborated on Nosferatu, Grau was planning to create several movies devoted to the occult and supernatural through his studio, Prana Film.

Before the Dutch, he accused Amangkurat III of planning an uprising in East Java.

Before Line 5 Blue was built, there was to be a Line 3 Red station of the same name as the Line 5 station which would have made Édouard-Montpetit an interchange station, however Line 3 never made it past its planning stage.

Before 1746, however, reforms had added management of intelligence and contingency planning to the staff's duties.

Before any concrete planning to regain solvency could be undertaken, an accurate accounting of the railroad's condition was required.

Before D-Day, Howard's company was selected to carry out the assault on the Caen and Orne River bridges and he became personally responsible for their training and the planning of the assault.

Before joining eWEEK ( then called PC Week ) full-time in 1989, Coffee held technical and management positions at Exxon and The Aerospace Corporation dealing with chemical facility project control, Arctic project development, strategic defense analysis, end-user computing planning and support, and artificial intelligence applications research.

Before independence, the central business district in the Central Area consisted of what is now the Downtown Core, Museum, Newton, Orchard, Outram, River Valley, Rochor, and the Singapore River planning areas.