Before the 13th century, foreign scripts had to be used to write the Mongolian language.

Before the German invasions in the 13th century proto-Estonians of the Ancient Estonia worshipped the spirits of nature.

Before the rise of the Mongols in the 13th century, what is now central and western Inner Mongolia, especially the Hetao region, alternated in control between Chinese agriculturalists in the south and Xiongnu, Xianbei, Khitan, Jurchen, Tujue, and other Mongol nomads of the north.

Before the 13th century, the direct route to the sea at Highbridge was blocked by gravel banks and peat near Westhay.

* Friday: The 13th Nightmare Before Christmas ( Winter 2009 )

Before the end of the 13th century, the Western Pomeranian mainland and most of Farther Pomerania west of the Gollenberg had turned almost completely German, mentions of Slavs in documents became exceptional.

Before the 13th century, the feudal levy of knights was the customary method employed in the raising of Polish armies in the Kingdom of Poland of the Late Middle Ages.

Before the close of the 13th century, the Ó Flaithbertaigh's became masters of the entire territory of Iar Connacht, extending from the western banks of Lough Corrib to the shores of the Atlantic.

Before the 2009 season on March 21, 2009, KaBoom celebrated his 13th birthday at a party held in his honor at Clear Channel Stadium, where he revealed his younger brother, Stealth, to JetHawks fans.

Before the German invasion, Kraków ( Cracow ) was an influential cultural centre for the Polish Jews who had lived there since the 13th century.

Before this restructure, 8th / 13th VMR had its HQ and 1 Troop based in Albury, 2 Troop based in Wangaratta and 3 Troop based in Benalla.

Before the 20th century, most manufactured products were made individually by hand.

Before the mention of Alemanni in the time of Caracalla, you would search in vain for Alemanni in the moderately detailed geography of southern Germany in Claudius Ptolemy, written in Greek in the mid-2nd century ; it is likely that at that time, the people who later used that name were known by other designations.

Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on medicinal folklore.

Before the break with papal authority in the 16th century, the Church of England was an integral part of the Western European church.

Before the 19th century, tattoos and piercings were very common among the Aleut people, especially among women.

Before the 16th century, harvest was the term usually used to refer to the season, as it is common in other West Germanic languages to this day ( cf.

Before the thirteenth century, beer was flavoured with plants such as yarrow, wild rosemary, and bog myrtle, and other ingredients such as juniper berries, aniseed and ginger, which would be combined into a mixture known as gruit and used as hops are now used ; between the thirteenth and the sixteenth century, during which hops took over as the dominant flavouring, beer flavoured with gruit was known as ale, while beer flavoured with hops was known as beer.

Before the rise of the mendicant orders ( wandering friars ) in the thirteenth century, the daily services were usually contained in a number of large volumes.

Before the 19th century, closed social hierarchies were common in Hungary.

Before the early 18th century, the East India Company paid for its tea mainly in silver.

Before its coastline was first explored by Europeans in the 16th century, Delaware was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans, including the Lenape in the north and Nanticoke in the south.

Before the 20th century, European sources often referred to the Dalai Lama as the " Grand Lama ".

Before the 20th century many double basses had only three strings, in contrast to the five to six strings typical of instruments in the string family or the four strings of instruments in the violin family.

Before the advent of government-funded public schools, the primary mode of education for those of the lower classes was the charity school, pioneered during the 19th century by Protestant organizations and adapted for use by the Roman Catholic Church and governmental bodies.

Map of Israel as it was in the 9th century Before Christ | BC.

Before the 20th century, jewelers used the term water as in " a gem of the finest water " to express the combination of two qualities, color and crystal.

Before the twentieth century, ordinary farm workers and factory workers were usually illiterate.

Before the twentieth century, hydrodynamics was synonymous with fluid dynamics.

Before consolidation of many of these rural school districts in the last half of the twentieth century, Indiana high schools had fewer students than those of most other states ; basketball was a natural game for these schools since it only required five starters and a few reserves.

Before insurance was established in the late 17th century, " friendly societies " existed in England, in which people donated amounts of money to a general sum that could be used for emergencies.

Before the Industrial Revolution in the mid-to-late 19th century, demand for oriental goods remained the driving force behind European imperialism, and ( with the important exception of British East India Company rule in India ) the European stake in Asia remained confined largely to trading stations and strategic outposts necessary to protect trade.

Before long, scientific inquiries provoked by his claims had pushed back the age of the earth into the millions of yearsstill too short when compared with the accepted 4. 6 billion year age in the 21st century, but a distinct improvement.

Before the nineteenth century, the scholar Nitsa Ben-Ari notes that his work was shunned like that of converts, then banned as those of a traitor, whose work was not to be studied or translated into Hebrew.

Before the 18th century the Kalevala poetry was common throughout Finland and Karelia but in the 18th century it began to disappear in Finland, first in western Finland, because European rhymed poetry became more common in Finland.

Before this, many of its families were assigned to the old order Liliales: a very large order containing almost all monocots with colourful tepals and without starch in their endosperm.

Before the enactment of the metric system, many countries in Europe used their own official acres.

Before the Second World War, air shows were associated with long distance air races, often lasting many days and covering thousands of miles.

This important fact led many C programmers to humorously issue the backronym Before C Programming Language.

Before the Dutch retook control of the islands, the British removed many nutmeg trees and transplanted them to Ceylon and other British colonies.

Before there was an official standard for C, many users and implementors relied on an informal specification contained in a book by Ritchie and Brian Kernighan ; that version is generally referred to as " K & R " C. In 1989 the American National Standards Institute published a standard for C ( generally called " ANSI C " or " C89 ").

He also provided the voice of Jack Skellington, the main character in Tim Burton's animated Disney film The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ), and has since reprised the role in many other subsequent productions, including the Disney / Square video games Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II and the Capcom sequel to the original film, Oogie's Revenge.

Before meeting Cesare, Leonardo had worked at the Milanese court of Ludovico Sforza for many years, until Louis XII of France drove Sforza out of Italy.

Before the RISC philosophy became prominent, many computer architects tried to bridge the so called semantic gap, i. e. to design instruction sets that directly supported high-level programming constructs such as procedure calls, loop control, and complex addressing modes, allowing data structure and array accesses to be combined into single instructions.

Before many copies of the book could be printed, however, the printing press and most of the printed copies were destroyed by a mob in Missouri.

Thomas was a teenager when many of the poems for which he became famous were published: " And death shall have no dominion ", " Before I Knocked " and " The Force That Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower ".

Before the notion was widely adopted in the 1970s, many of the classic films noirs were referred to as melodramas.

Before digital technology became widespread, for many decades, the scanned data was transmitted as analog.

Before his relationship with Monica, Chandler dated Janice Hosenstein in season 1 and subsequently broke up with her many times.

Before Arbenz come to power in 1951, the Communist movement preferred to carry out many of their activities through the so-called mass organization.

Before the introduction of UTC on 1 January 1972 Greenwich Mean Time ( also known as Zulu time ) was the same as Universal Time ( UT ) which is a standard astronomical concept used in many technical fields.

Before, he had dates with many odd characters, whereas now, he exclusively dates Liz.

Before World War II, mechanical and electrical analog computers were considered the " state of the art ", and many thought they were the future of computing.

Before she became associated with Greek mythology, she had many similarities with Artemis ( wilderness, and watching over wedding ceremonies )

Before plastics were invented, ivory was important for cutlery handles, musical instruments, billiard balls, and many other items.

Before James Brown appeared on stage, his personal MC gave him an elaborate introduction accompanied by drumrolls, as the MC worked in Brown's various sobriquets along with the names of many of his hit songs.

Ten of his songs were nominated for the Oscar, many written with Cahn, including " I've Heard That Song Before " (# 1 for 13 weeks for Harry James and His Orchestra in 1943 ), " I'll Walk Alone ", " It's Magic " ( a # 2 hit for Doris Day in 1948 ) and " I Fall in Love Too Easily ".

Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: " Before then ," he later wrote, " there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades.