Before the RISC philosophy became prominent, many computer architects tried to bridge the so called semantic gap, i. e. to design instruction sets that directly supported high-level programming constructs such as procedure calls, loop control, and complex addressing modes, allowing data structure and array accesses to be combined into single instructions.

Before the DNS was invented in 1982, each computer on the network retrieved a file called HOSTS. TXT from a computer at SRI ( now SRI International ).

Before the advent of computer filter synthesis tools, graphical tools such as Bode plots and Nyquist plots were extensively used as design tools.

Before the development of the general-purpose computer, most calculations were done by humans.

Before the computer age, this was accomplished by the card catalogue — a cabinet ( or multiple cabinets ) containing many drawers filled with index cards that identified books and other materials.

Before text editors existed, computer text was punched into punched cards with keypunch machines.

Before printer's magenta was invented in the 1890s for CMYK printing, and electric magenta was invented in the 1980s for computer displays, these two artificially engineered colors were preceded by the color displayed at right, which is the color originally called fuchsine made from coal tar dyes in the year 1859.

The distinctive appearance of Triceratops has led to them being frequently depicted in films, computer games and documentaries, including the Don Bluth film The Land Before Time, which featured a young Triceratops as a main character, the 1993 film Jurassic Park and the 1999 BBC television documentary Walking with Dinosaurs.

Before the advent of integrated circuits, this method allowed the highest possible component packing density ; because of this, it was used by a number of computer vendors including Control Data Corporation.

Before the advent of personal computers such as the Apple II and the IBM Personal Computer ( IBM PC ), the computer market was dominated by costly mainframes and minicomputers equipped with dumb terminals that time-shared processing time of the central computer.

Before the advent of LCD screens, most computer screens were based on cathode ray tubes ( CRTs ).

Before long, IBM had the best-selling personal computer in the world and at least two of the next-best sellers were, for practical purposes, identical.

Before the introduction of the iPad, Axiotron introduced the Modbook, a heavily modified Apple MacBook, Mac OS X-based tablet computer at Macworld in 2007.

Before the computer era, plaintext most commonly meant message text in the language of the communicating parties.

Before the VS, however, Wang Laboratories was not taken seriously as a computer company.

Before computer generated imagery special effects, these effects were limited to the use of models, false perspective and other in-camera effects, unless the creator could find someone willing to jump from car to car or hang from the edge of a skyscraper: the stunt performer or stunt double.

Before settling in another businesses, contributors to the development of the Svet kompjutera were the following individuals: Stanko Popović ( working independently in computer business ), Stanko Stojiljković ( editor in Ekspres daily newspaper ), Sergej Marcenko ( marketing editor in political weekly magazine NIN ), Andrija Kolundžić ( working independently in computer business in Tokyo, Japan ), Aleksandar Radovanovic ( working at the University of Pretoria, Republic of South Africa ), Voja Antonić, Dragoslav Jovanović ( working at the Belgrade University ), Jovan Puzovic ( working at the Belgrade University ), Nenad Balint ( working in IT company in United Kingdom ), Aleksandar Petrović ( manager of a software company in Canada ), Dalibor Lanik ( working as a programmer in Czech Republic ) and many others.

Before Quantum Link, Apple computer had developed its own service, called AppleLink, which was mostly a support network targeted at Apple dealers and developers.

Before she entered Intelligent Systems ( an internal video game developer for Nintendo ), Tsujiyoko worked as a computer programmer for a productivity ( or non-entertainment ) software company.

Before the 1999 – 2000 season, five more computer rankings were added to the system: Richard Billingsley, Richard Dunkel, Kenneth Massey, Herman Matthews / Scripps Howard, and David Rothman.

Before Garibaldi is reprogrammed, he stalls by getting the programmer, Daniel, to reveal his faction's plans to launch a sneak attack on civilian population centers as the start of an all-out war while Garibaldi, who is aware that he is a computer program, hacks into the computer network and broadcasts the conversation.

Before 1990, CPU design was often done for this market, but mass market CPUs organized into large clusters have proven to be more affordable.

Before Arbenz come to power in 1951, the Communist movement preferred to carry out many of their activities through the so-called mass organization.

His mechanic Mabelli said about this race: " Before the start, Nuvolari told me to go down on the floor of the car every time he shouts, which was a signal that he went to a curve too fast and that we need to decrease the car ´ s center of mass.

Before being deposited, sediment was formed by weathering and erosion in a source area, and then transported to the place of deposition by water, wind, ice, mass movement or glaciers which are called agents of denudation.

Before mass separation, a beam of positive ions has to be extracted from the plasma and focused into the mass-analyzer.

Before the revolution, state penetration of the rural areas was limited by the power of local notables, but under Nasser, land reform reduced their socioeconomic dominance, and the incorporation of peasants into cooperatives transferred mass dependence from landlords to government.

Before the scattering event, the electron is treated as sufficiently close to being at rest that its total energy consists entirely of the mass-energy equivalence of its rest mass:

Before the advent of modern mass produced telescopes the price of even a modest instrument was often beyond the means of an aspiring amateur astronomer.

Before the advent of mass transportation, factories ' needs for ever-greater concentrations of laborers meant that they typically grew up in an urban setting or fostered their own urbanization.

Before the Restoration he had attended mass with the king abroad, and in a position to Lord Bristol had urged Charles to declare publicly his conversion in order to obtain the long-expected succour from foreign powers.

Before being deposited, sediment was formed by weathering and erosion in a source area, and then transported to the place of deposition by water, wind, ice, mass movement or glaciers which are called agents of denudation.

Before the mass production of automatic overdrive transmissions and electronic fuel injection, the traditional front engine / rear wheel drive layout was being phased out for the more efficient and / or integrated front engine / front wheel drive, starting with compact cars.

Before the wedding mass was celebrated, Edward insisted that Llywelyn should put his seal to an adjustment to the agreement that they had previously made.

Before finally starting to use the VIC in the VIC-20, chip designer Robert Yannes fed features from the 6562 ( a better sound generator ) and 6564 ( more colors ) back to the 6560, so before beginning mass production for the VIC-20 it had been thoroughly revised.

Before the church was built a mass took place each Sunday at the Grangetown Royal British Legion Social Club.

Before CAT Bus came on in 1992, mass transit on the Strip was provided by a private transit company, Las Vegas Transit.

Before introducing this constraint, we must apply the conservation of mass to generate the necessary relations.

Before separating the proteins by mass, they are treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate ( SDS ) along with other reagents ( SDS-PAGE in 1-D ).

Before TransMilenio, Bogotá's mass transit " system " consisted of thousands of independently operated and uncoordinated mini buses.

Before dying of thirst, they manage to hook a passing " moby " ( a flying whale-like creature ), which takes them to a " jungle ", a floating mass of plant life.

Before then, there were no mass manufacturers of clothing for " stout-figured " women.

Before long, more than 2, 000 grassroots EPIC clubs sprouted throughout the state, and the most popular EPIC anthem, " Campaign Chorus for Downey and Sinclair ," was made into a phonograph record for mass distribution featuring Downey, among others, singing.

Before mass communication they were the only way to gather a village together, so they also served secular functions.

Before the Ak 5C went into mass production, it was thoroughly evaluated.