Before the introduction of the Phoenix missile, most other US aircraft relied on the smaller, less-expensive AIM-7 Sparrow ; classified as a Medium Range Missile ( MRM ).

Before the end of the Civil War and the introduction of the 1662 prayer book, something like a half a million prayer books are estimated to have been in circulation.

Before this, the pests were manually collected by humans, so the introduction of the toad eliminated labor costs.

Before the introduction of UTC on 1 January 1972 Greenwich Mean Time ( also known as Zulu time ) was the same as Universal Time ( UT ) which is a standard astronomical concept used in many technical fields.

Before James Brown appeared on stage, his personal MC gave him an elaborate introduction accompanied by drumrolls, as the MC worked in Brown's various sobriquets along with the names of many of his hit songs.

Before the introduction of the term paraphilia in the DSM-III ( 1980 ), the term sexual deviation was used to refer to paraphilias in the first two editions of the manual.

Before the introduction of postage stamps, mail in the UK was paid for by the recipient, a system that was associated with an irresolvable problem: the costs of delivering mail were not recoverable by the postal service when recipients were unable or unwilling to pay for delivered items, and senders had no incentive to restrict the number, size, or weight of items sent, whether or not they would ultimately be paid for.

Before the introduction of the compass, celestial navigation was the main method for navigation at sea.

Before the introduction of western cookware it was often used for all cooking techniques including:

Before the introduction of HTML and HTTP, other protocols such as File Transfer Protocol and the gopher protocol were used to retrieve individual files from a server.

Before the introduction of postal codes in Norway in 1968, it was easy to confuse the name Kristiansund with Kristiansand in the south.

Shortly after his introduction to Guy Chambers, Williams released " Old Before I Die " which would be the first single taken from his début album.

Before the introduction of digital electronic high-impedance analog transistor and field effect transistor ( FETs ) voltmeters were used.

Before the development of vaccination and the introduction of a vaccine, it was a common childhood disease worldwide.

Before the introduction of the mumps vaccine, the mumps virus was the leading cause of viral meningoencephalitis in the United States.

Before the introduction of a vaccine, the mortality of the severe form of smallpox — variola major — was very high.

Before the recent introduction of SystemVerilog, C ++ integration with a logic simulator was one of the few ways to use OOP in hardware verification.

Before the introduction of icebreakers, navigation was halted in the winter.

Before the introduction, Stanley has a private conversation with Buckley, and is pleased to learn that the young man is the head of a small company and that he is capable of providing a comfortable life for Kay.

** Before the introduction of rollfilm, folding plate cameras with limited movements as described here were often used ; an example is the Goerz Taro-Tenax 9x12cm.

Before the introduction of firearms, bows or crossbows were often used — Saint Sebastian is usually depicted as executed by a squad of Roman auxiliary archers in around 288 AD ; King Edmund the Martyr of East Anglia, by some accounts, was tied to a tree and shot dead by Viking archers on 20 November 869 or 870 AD.

Before its market introduction, the 1201 was renamed 8008, following the new naming convention started with the 4001 / 2 / 3 / 4.

Before the introduction of Arabic script in the Malay region, Malay was written using Pallava, Kawi and Rencong script and these are still in use today by the Champa Malay in Vietnam and Cambodia.

Before the introduction of gas generally in the parish there was a limited supply from the Mill to separate houses.

Before the early 1840s, the cane toad had been introduced into Martinique and Barbados, from French Guiana and Guyana.

Before the Service Number was introduced in the 1990s, military personnel were identified on the I discs ( as well as other documents ) by their Social Insurance Number.

Before central power stations were widely introduced it was common for industries, large hotels and commercial buildings to generate their own power and use low pressure exhaust steam for heating.

* Short-lived nature of gene therapy – Before gene therapy can become a permanent cure for any condition, the therapeutic DNA introduced into target cells must remain functional and the cells containing the therapeutic DNA must be long-lived and stable.

Before the Roman invasion, begun in 43, Iron Age Britain already had established cultural and economic links with Continental Europe, but the Roman invaders introduced new developments in agriculture, urbanisation, industry and architecture.

" Before this study, it was thought that the Cuban Ivory-billed were descended from mainland woodpeckers, either introduced to Cuba by Native Americans or accidentals that flew to the island themselves.

Before LG Enhanced IPS was introduced in 2009, the additional transistors resulted in blocking more transmission area, thus requiring a brighter backlight and consuming more power, making this type of display less desirable for notebook computers.

Before tomato sauce was introduced, pasta was eaten dry with the fingers ; the liquid sauce demanded the use of a fork.

Before the vaccine was introduced in 1963, there were an estimated 3 – 4 million

Before the 1980s, the North American phrase " trick-or-treat " was little known in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland and when introduced was often regarded as an unusual and even unwelcome import.

Before their marriage, she was working as a secretary for Arafat in Tunis after her mother introduced her to him in France.

Before the park debuted on October 1, 1982, Walt Disney World Ambassador Genie Field introduced E. Cardon Walker, Disney's chairman and CEO, who dedicated EPCOT Center.

Before the 1966 election, the widow ’ s pension was tripled and redundancy payments for laid-off workers were introduced.

Before the end of his first year at Conyers, Kelley was introduced into the congregation to his musical talents and often sang solo in morning church services.

Before stereo radio was introduced, the most common speaker location was in the middle of the dashboard pointing through perforations towards the front windshield.

Before Cros had a chance to follow up on this idea or attempt to construct a working model, Thomas Alva Edison introduced his first working phonograph in the USA.

Before he came to England, Robert had begun the construction of a new abbey church at Jumièges, in the new Romanesque style which was then becoming popular, and introduced to Normandy the two-towered western facade from the Rhineland.

Before mechanical printing, literature was copied by hand, and many variations were introduced by copyists.

Before the vaccine to rubella was introduced in 1969, widespread outbreaks usually occurred every 6 – 9 years in the United States and 3 – 5 years in Europe, mostly affecting children in the 5-9 year old age group.

On September 3, 2009, months upon the release of Before I Self Destruct, Jackson posted a video for the Soundkillers ' Phoenix produced track " Flight 187 " which introduced his mixtape, the 50th LAW, and was also featured as a bonus track on his iTunes release of Before I Self Destruct.

Jim Garrison defended his conduct regarding witness testimony, stating: Before we introduced the testimony of our witnesses, we made them undergo independent verifying tests, including polygraph examination, truth serum and hypnosis.

Many years later a second series, Before the Fact, originally published in 1901, was discovered and published in book form edited and introduced by detective fiction scholar Douglas G. Greene.

Before graduating from Yale ’ s Sheffield Scientific School in 1884, he showed a small collection he had made of Carboniferous fossils to George Jarvis Brush, who later introduced him to the paleontologist Othniel C. Marsh.