Before legal actions initiated by New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer, which later became known as the Global Settlement enforcement agreement, some large investment firms had initiated favorable research coverage of companies in an effort to aid Corporate Finance departments and retail divisions engaged in the marketing of new issues.

Before becoming a detective, an officer must attend a law enforcement academy, providing the officer with a foundation of education with sixteen to twenty-four college units in criminal justice or administration of criminal justice.

Before troops could be raised, the Militia Act of 1792 required a justice of the United States Supreme Court to certify that law enforcement was beyond the control of local authorities.

* The town of Swindon abandoned the use of fixed cameras in 2009, questioning their cost effectiveness with the cameras being replaced by vehicle activated warning signs and enforcement by police using mobile speed cameras: in the nine months following the switch-off there was a small reduction in accident rates which had changed slightly in similar periods before and after the switch off ( Before: 1 fatal, 1 serious and 13 slight accidents.

" Before Weldon's public confirmation, an unnamed federal law enforcement official mentioned in press accounts said that Weldon had not yet been told about the inquiry because it was only over the last few months that the FBI had obtained evidence suggesting the congressman may have broken the law.

Before Perverted-Justice's " Information First " program and cold-calling policy became standard, logs that received no interest from law enforcement agencies were posted directly to the website.

* Before Perverted-Justice began working primarily with law enforcement, child safety advocate Julie Posey described Perverted-Justice's tactics as " a gross invasion of privacy.

Before his 2004 trial, law enforcement officials asked the trial judge to allow the Texas confessions into evidence, which he agreed to.

Before the enforcement of the Electrical Products ( Safety ) Regulation, many types of plugs could be found in Hong Kong.

Before law enforcement could arrest Corozzo, his daughter Bernadette alerted him that agents were arresting Gambino members.

Before the founding of the Troopers, law enforcement in Alaska was performed by a succession of federal agencies: first the United States Army, then the United States Navy and Revenue Cutter Service, the US Custom Service and finally the United States Marshals Service after a civil government was formed in 1884.

Before the ship collided with an iceberg, Hays made a statement that was prophetic of the disaster.

Before the Code, France did not have a single set of laws-law consisted mainly of local customs, which had sometimes been officially compiled in " customals " ( coutumes ), notably the Coutume de Paris.

Before the Taihō Code was established, the capital was customarily moved after the death of an emperor because of the ancient belief that a place of death was polluted.

Before the Second Vatican Council, the main stress was laid on this second aspect, as exemplified in canon 1258 of the 1917 Code of Canon Law:

Before the terrorist attack against the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, the Criminal Code contained almost no specific reference to terrorism.

Before the entry into force of that Code, it was an almost universal custom to confer all four minor orders at one time, since the bishop was authorized to dispense from the rule that each order had to be exercised for some time before reception of the next highest order.

Before the passage of the bankruptcy reform act in 2005, a 403 ( b ) that was not an ERISA plan was not accorded protected status as property that could be claimed as exempt by the debtor under the U. S. Bankruptcy Code.

Before a case goes to a general court-martial, a pretrial investigation under Article 32 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice must be conducted, unless waived by the accused.

' Before the 2003 invasion of Iraq Dr. Muayad Said described the structure before the filling of the reservoir: ' It has an octagonal body enhanced by alcoves, some of which are blind.

Before computers, some armies set the range on the gun's sights, which mechanically corrected it for the gun's muzzle velocity.

Before that, and in some places thereafter, bikes were known primarily as velocipedes .< ref >

Due to the Gregorian calendar's obvious connotations of Western Christianity, non-Christians and even some Christians sometimes replace the traditional era notations " AD " and " BC " (" Anno Domini " and " Before Christ ") with " CE " and " BCE " (" Common Era " and " Before Common Era ").

Before the 1970s, community colleges in the United States were more commonly referred to as junior colleges, and that term is still used at some institutions.

Some are non-verbal ( Marmaduke, The Angriest Dog in the World ), some have verbal thoughts but are not understood by humans, ( Garfield, Snoopy in Peanuts ), and some can converse with humans ( Bloom County, Calvin and Hobbes, Mutts, Citizen Dog, Buckles, Get Fuzzy, Pearls Before Swine and Pooch Cafe ).

Fire Bet: Before the shooter begins, some casinos will allow a bet known as a fire bet to be placed.

Before the impact, models of Jupiter's atmosphere had indicated that the break-up of the largest fragments would occur at atmospheric pressures of anywhere from 30 kilopascals to a few tens of megapascals ( from 0. 3 to a few hundred bar ), with some predictions that the comet would penetrate a layer of water and create a bluish shroud over that region of Jupiter.

Before Maimonides concluded this, Sunni Muslims officially prohibited mutah ( i. e. temporary marriage ) relationships ; some commentators ' suggest that Maimonides changed his view in response to this development, similar to Gershom ben Judah's ban on polygamy being made after Christians had prohibited it.

Before the year 1830 drew to a close, both Marshal Sucre and Simón Bolívar would be dead ; the former, murdered ( on orders from a jealous General Flores, according to some historians ), and the latter, from tuberculosis.

Before World War I, Portuguese forces, with some assistance from the Muslim population, subdued animist tribes and eventually established the territory's borders.

Before cheap Internet, there were some geographically compact communities where the culture encouraged Weinberg's egoless programming, and a developer could easily attract a lot of skilled kibitzers and co-developers.

Before IBAN, differing national standards for bank account identification ( i. e., bank, branch, routing codes, and account number ) were confusing for some users.

Before Jack and I moved to Montreal, we had just been through some very rough treatment in the racially biased South during spring training in Florida.

Before becoming a manga artist, Asamiya graduated from the Tokyo Designer School, then worked as a character designer for a number of anime series, and even designed models for some of the later Godzilla films ( 1980s ).

Before the 1960s ( and in some cases decades after ), many materials science departments were named metallurgy departments, from a 19th and early 20th century emphasis on metals.

Before the Mariner 4 spacecraft arrived at Mars in July 1965 and dispelled some of the more exotic theories about the planet, the conventional image of Mars was shaped by the observations of the astronomers Giovanni Schiaparelli and Percival Lowell.

Before la Jeune Parque, Valéry's only publications of note were dialogues, articles, some poems, and a study of Leonardo da Vinci.

Before they reached the city, however, the remains were seized by some citizens of Ravenna and buried there in the Church of Santa Maria Rotonda, the burial place of Theodoric the Great.

Before leaving Hollywood for Europe in 1952, following the problematic production The Crimson Pirate for Warner Bros., his third and last film with Burt Lancaster, Siodmak had directed some of the era's best film noirs, more than any other director who worked in that genre, twelve in all.

Before colonization, Sumba was inhabited by several small ethnolinguistic groups, some of which may have had tributary relations to the Majapahit Empire.

Before a statute becomes law in some countries, it must be agreed upon by the highest executive in the government, and finally published as part of a code.

Before it is registered, it is common practice ( with some legal standing ) to use the service mark symbol ℠ ( a superscript SM ).