Before the passage of the lex annalis, individuals could run for the Aedileship by the time they turned twenty-seven.

Before the advent of copyright, anonymous and pseudonymous publication was a common practice in the sixteenth century publishing world, and a passage in the Arte of English Poesie ( 1589 ), the leading work of literary criticism of the Elizabethan period and an anonymously published work itself, mentions in passing that literary figures in the court who wrote " commendably well " circulated their poetry only among their friends, " as if it were a discredit for a gentleman to seem learned " ( Book 1, Chapter 8 ).

Before being disfranchised by the Democrats ' passage in 1899 of a new state constitution that included discriminatory provisions, black citizens elected four African Americans to the US Congress from North Carolina's 2nd congressional district in the last quarter of the nineteenth century.

Before the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which abolished slavery after the American Civil War in 1866, manumission was sometimes accomplished at the death of the owner, under conditions in his will.

Before its most recent passage through the Solar System, its orbital period was about 17, 000 years, but the gravitational perturbation of the giant planets has increased this period to 70, 000 years.

Before passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley law, AICPA standards in these areas were considered " generally accepted " for all CPA practitioners.

Before the passage of the Presidential Succession Act, succession was setup to keep the Executive branch of the Presidency separate from the Legislative branch.

Before congressional passage of the Protect Act of 2003, prosecutors had to prove that sex tourists went abroad with the intent of molesting children — something almost impossible to demonstrate.

Before passage of the Act, more than 3, 000 same-sex couples had already married in those areas.

Before the games began, a truce was declared by Corinth to grant athletes safe passage through Greece.

Before 1976, the tunnel was the only point of passage at the top, at an altitude of 2556 m. The tunnel was closed for restoration until 2002, and a new road was constructed over the summit.

Before the passage opened, the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans were separated entirely with Antarctica being much warmer and having no ice cap.

Before the end of his senior year, he had officially resigned from the committee after the passage of the Lend-Lease Act.

Before giving his doctrinal exposition of a passage, he first considers its critical state.

Before the passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the maximum weeks one could collect was 26 weeks.

Before the 2006 – 2007 academic year, the provision could also apply to high school students, but this changed with the passage of the Deficit Reduction Act in 2001.

Before the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999, the Marquess sat in the House of Lords as Baron Kenlis in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

Before 1965, after passage of the Civil Rights Act broke the color line in hiring, less than 2 % of textile workers were African American.

Before the amendment's passage on November 3, 2010, membership was open to any individual with " Lineal Descent " with at least one parent being a member of the MHA Nation.

Before 1920, many of these dams made no provision for fish passage ; public pressure as well as efforts by turn-of-the-century cannery owner R. D.

Before the King can pass judgement upon them, Hawkins's friends, who have secretly entered the court through the secret passage, rescue him and capture the castle from the King's soldiers.

Before 1967, local communities had to approve highway locations and designs, and the debates over I-696 prompted the passage of an arbitration statute.

* In Umberto Eco's The Island of the Day Before, Cockaigne is evoked in a passage describing an ice-tipped mountain.

Before the passage of the Wagner Act, Swope " had long supported labor legislation.

Before the airlines could fully merge, the holding company and its two independently operated airlines, Pan Am and Carnival, filed for bankruptcy protection and ceased scheduled flight operations in February 1998.

Before filing for bankruptcy in October 2008, 1worldspace employed two satellites and broadcast 62 channels – 38 of which were content provided by international, national and regional third parties and 24 1worldspace-branded stations produced by or for 1worldspace.

Before his company's bankruptcy in 1965, Zeckendorf became the embodiment of glamorous real-estate dealmaking, which included developing Roosevelt Airfield, where Charles Lindbergh began his transatlantic flight, and helping to advance and develop Long Island University.

Before the 2006 season ' Godset ' were saved from bankruptcy by a group of investors.

Before declaring bankruptcy in 2008, Lehman was the fourth largest investment bank in the US ( behind Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, and Merrill Lynch ), doing business in investment banking, equity and fixed-income sales and trading ( especially U. S. Treasury securities ), research, investment management, private equity, and private banking.

Before becoming a poker professional and businessman, Harrington worked for many years as a bankruptcy lawyer.

Before 1898, there were several short-lived federal bankruptcy laws in the U. S. The first was the act of 1800 which was repealed in 1803 and followed by the act of 1841, which was repealed in 1843, and then the act of 1867, which was amended in 1874 and repealed in 1878.

Before this could happen, however, Hester declared bankruptcy and league commissioner Jim Crowley expropriated the team.

Legal problems resulting from Beyond's bankruptcy meant it would be four years before Better than Ezra's next studio album, Before the Robots.

Before its bankruptcy, the 3DO Company produced two further spin-offs of the Might and Magic series: Crusaders of Might and Magic and Warriors of Might and Magic.

Before a creditor presents a bankruptcy petition he must usually first serve on the debtor a statutory demand in the prescribed form requiring the debtor to pay the sum claimed within 21 days of service of the demand.

Before the 1911 reform, the multiplication of saints ' festivals, with practically the same festal psalms, tended to repeat the about one-third of the Psalter, with a correspondingly rare recital of the remaining two-thirds.

Before the war, trade reform and price liberalization were the most successful part of the country's structural adjustment program under IMF sponsorship.

Before the Revolution, despite supporting political reform ( including Bolsheviks elected to the Duma, when opportune ), Lenin proposed that capitalism could ultimately only be overthrown with revolution, not with gradual reforms — from within ( Fabianism ) and from without ( social democracy ) — which would fail, because the ruling capitalist social class, who hold economic power ( the means of production ), determine the nature of political power in a bourgeois society.

Before the revolution, state penetration of the rural areas was limited by the power of local notables, but under Nasser, land reform reduced their socioeconomic dominance, and the incorporation of peasants into cooperatives transferred mass dependence from landlords to government.

Before the reform of Pope Pius XII, only the priest received Communion in the framework of what was called the " Mass of the Presanctified ", which included the usual Offertory prayers, with the placing of wine in the chalice, but which omitted the Canon of the Mass.

Before, the island was divided into two municipalities, that became municipal units at the reform:

Before the municipal reform of 1952 there were ten entities in the area.

Before the subdivision reform of 1952 there were seven entities in the area.

Before the 2011 district reform, it was the largest district of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, but very sparsely populated.

Before this reform, article 49, 3 was frequently used, especially when the government had short majority in the Assemblée nationale to support the text but still enough to avoid a non-confidence vote ).

Before reform, Senator John McCain prominently opposed the UFC.

Before the end of January 1950, the GWU and the People's Committee were holding joint public meetings and discussing issues such as devaluation, labour legislation, the proposed West Indies Federation, and constitutional reform.

Before the reform of the rite by Pope Pius XII, the blessing of the palms occurred inside the church within a service that followed the general outline of a Mass, with Collect, Epistle and Gospel, as far as the Sanctus.

( Before the reform of Pope Pius XII, only the priest received Communion in the framework of what was called the " Mass of the Presanctified ", which included the usual Offertory prayers, with the placing of wine in the chalice, but which omitted the Canon of the Mass.

Before the 1906 spelling reform ⟨ q ⟩ and ⟨ w ⟩ were common, and many family names still use them.

Before the reform era, aspects of Chinese society also contributed to shaping the contemporary structure for maintaining public order.

Before the First Sino Japanese War, China engaged in technological modernization only, buying modern weapons, ships, artillery, and building modern arsenals to produce these weapons, and only giving their soldiers modern weapons without institutional reform, and while refusing to reform the government or civil society according to western standards, unlike Japan, who adopted western style government with a Parliament and completely reoganized the army on western lines.

Before the state degenerated in the thirties, Leon Trotsky and the Left Opposition had the programmatic demand to " reform " the " bureaucratically deformed " state by revitalising the Soviets and bringing more democracy to the party.

Before the reform to the Calendar of Saints, the memorial to St Julian was on January 27.

Before parliamentary reform in 1832, freedom of the city or town conferred the right to vote in the ' parliamentary boroughs ' for the MPs.

Before the reform the municipality was part of Viborg County.

Before the state degenerated in the thirties, Leon Trotsky and the Left Opposition had the programmatic demand to " reform " the " bureaucratically deformed " state by revitalising the Soviets and bringing more democracy to the party.

Before Berlin's 2001 administrative reform, the area of Tempelhof, together with the localities of Mariendorf, Marienfelde, and Lichtenrade, constituted a borough of its own, also called Tempelhof.

Before the Kallikratis reform, the regional units ( except Thasos, which was part of Kavala ) were administered as separate prefectures.