Before the introduction of the Phoenix missile, most other US aircraft relied on the smaller, less-expensive AIM-7 Sparrow ; classified as a Medium Range Missile ( MRM ).

Before the end of the Civil War and the introduction of the 1662 prayer book, something like a half a million prayer books are estimated to have been in circulation.

Before this, the pests were manually collected by humans, so the introduction of the toad eliminated labor costs.

Before the introduction of UTC on 1 January 1972 Greenwich Mean Time ( also known as Zulu time ) was the same as Universal Time ( UT ) which is a standard astronomical concept used in many technical fields.

Before James Brown appeared on stage, his personal MC gave him an elaborate introduction accompanied by drumrolls, as the MC worked in Brown's various sobriquets along with the names of many of his hit songs.

Before the introduction of the term paraphilia in the DSM-III ( 1980 ), the term sexual deviation was used to refer to paraphilias in the first two editions of the manual.

Before the introduction of postage stamps, mail in the UK was paid for by the recipient, a system that was associated with an irresolvable problem: the costs of delivering mail were not recoverable by the postal service when recipients were unable or unwilling to pay for delivered items, and senders had no incentive to restrict the number, size, or weight of items sent, whether or not they would ultimately be paid for.

Before the introduction of the compass, celestial navigation was the main method for navigation at sea.

Before the introduction of western cookware it was often used for all cooking techniques including:

Before the introduction of HTML and HTTP, other protocols such as File Transfer Protocol and the gopher protocol were used to retrieve individual files from a server.

Before the introduction of postal codes in Norway in 1968, it was easy to confuse the name Kristiansund with Kristiansand in the south.

Shortly after his introduction to Guy Chambers, Williams released " Old Before I Die " which would be the first single taken from his début album.

Before the introduction of digital electronic high-impedance analog transistor and field effect transistor ( FETs ) voltmeters were used.

Before the development of vaccination and the introduction of a vaccine, it was a common childhood disease worldwide.

Before the introduction of the mumps vaccine, the mumps virus was the leading cause of viral meningoencephalitis in the United States.

Before the introduction of a vaccine, the mortality of the severe form of smallpox — variola major — was very high.

Before the recent introduction of SystemVerilog, C ++ integration with a logic simulator was one of the few ways to use OOP in hardware verification.

Before the introduction of icebreakers, navigation was halted in the winter.

Before the introduction, Stanley has a private conversation with Buckley, and is pleased to learn that the young man is the head of a small company and that he is capable of providing a comfortable life for Kay.

** Before the introduction of rollfilm, folding plate cameras with limited movements as described here were often used ; an example is the Goerz Taro-Tenax 9x12cm.

Before the introduction of firearms, bows or crossbows were often used — Saint Sebastian is usually depicted as executed by a squad of Roman auxiliary archers in around 288 AD ; King Edmund the Martyr of East Anglia, by some accounts, was tied to a tree and shot dead by Viking archers on 20 November 869 or 870 AD.

Before its market introduction, the 1201 was renamed 8008, following the new naming convention started with the 4001 / 2 / 3 / 4.

Before the introduction of Arabic script in the Malay region, Malay was written using Pallava, Kawi and Rencong script and these are still in use today by the Champa Malay in Vietnam and Cambodia.

Before the introduction of the iPad, Axiotron introduced the Modbook, a heavily modified Apple MacBook, Mac OS X-based tablet computer at Macworld in 2007.

Before natural gas can be used as a fuel, it must undergo processing to clean the gas and remove impurities including water to meet the specifications of marketable natural gas.

Before the freeway bypassed the town, there were five gas stations, a grocery store, cafe, a swimming pool, an open air dance hall, and a show house.

Before the bottle or can of carbonated drink is opened, the gas above the drink is almost pure carbon dioxide at a pressure slightly higher than atmospheric pressure.

Before anyone could act, the gas ignited and exploded, blowing through the firewall made up of 2. 5 × 1. 5 metre panels bolted together, which were not designed to withstand explosions.

Before that, gas chambers and other means were commonly employed.

Before the air is released as exhaust, it is passed back through the regenerator, thus cooling the gas at a low constant pressure, and heating the regenerator for the next cycle.

Before electricity became sufficiently widespread and economical to allow for general public use, gas was the most popular means of lighting in cities and suburbs.

Before gas breakdown, there is a non-linear relation between voltage and current as shown in the figure.

Before being glued, the core is filled with a special gas which gives the ball firmness and bounce, and thus greater speed.

Before switching to natural gas, the German gas networks were operated using towngas, which for the most part consisted of hydrogen.

Before the establishment of the oil and gas industry, Brunei-Muara was the center of the coal industry, which was first mined in 1837.

Before the new trial got underway, Murphy was killed in an automobile accident, on August 20, when he fell asleep while driving and crashed into a gas tank truck.

Before a gas mix leaves the blending station and before the diver breathes from it, the fraction of oxygen in the mix should be checked.

Before his time pure hydrogen gas was used, a substance very expensive, the generation of which was so slow that two days were required to fill a large balloon, and then the gas was excessively volatile.

Before flue gas desulfurization was installed, the emissions from this power plant in New Mexico contained a significant amount of sulfur dioxide.

Before a raw natural gas containing hydrogen sulfide and / or carbon dioxide can be used, the raw gas must be treated to reduce impurities to acceptable levels and this is commonly done with an amine gas treating process.

Before a raw natural gas containing hydrogen sulfide or carbon dioxide can be used, the raw gas must be treated to remove those impurities to acceptable levels, commonly by an amine gas treating process.