Before the nineteenth century, the scholar Nitsa Ben-Ari notes that his work was shunned like that of converts, then banned as those of a traitor, whose work was not to be studied or translated into Hebrew.

Before the nineteenth century, chemists generally believed that compounds obtained from living organisms were too complex to be synthesized.

Before the second half of the nineteenth century, the remarkable potency and specificity of the actions of drugs such as morphine, quinine and digitalis were explained vaguely and with reference to extraordinary chemical powers and affinities to certain organs or tissues.

" Before the late nineteenth century, they rarely fashioned items with elaborate details or extra decoration, but only made things for their intended uses.

Before the nineteenth century, many military tactics were confined to battlefield concerns: how to maneuver units during combat in open terrain.

Before being disfranchised by the Democrats ' passage in 1899 of a new state constitution that included discriminatory provisions, black citizens elected four African Americans to the US Congress from North Carolina's 2nd congressional district in the last quarter of the nineteenth century.

Before the late nineteenth century, English-language texts usually referred to the language as the " Gypsy language ".

Before the Siamese seized it in the early nineteenth century, this crystal image was the palladium of the Lao kingdom of Champassack.

The purpose of the law, Holmes insisted, was the deterrence of undesirable social consequences: “ I think that the judges themselves have failed adequately to recognize their duty of weighing considerations of social advantage .” Before the Civil War, this conception of adjudication as a form of social engineering had been widely shared by American judges, but in the late nineteenth century it had fallen out of favor.

Before the mid nineteenth century, it was a much more pastoral area, used for fattening stock brought in from Scotland and northern England before it was driven to market in places like London.

Before the late nineteenth century, only hand written copies of Guru Granth Sahib were prepared.

Before the early / mid nineteenth century, it was common in England for numbering to proceed sequentially along one side of the road and then back down the other ( in a similar way to " boustrephedon " writing ).

Before the middle of the nineteenth century, the islands which comprise the municipality were uninhabited.

Before the production of accurate maps of Scotland in the nineteenth century it was not known for certain that Ben Nevis was the highest point in Britain, and it was often thought that Ben Macdui might be the higher.

Before the 20th century, most manufactured products were made individually by hand.

Before the mention of Alemanni in the time of Caracalla, you would search in vain for Alemanni in the moderately detailed geography of southern Germany in Claudius Ptolemy, written in Greek in the mid-2nd century ; it is likely that at that time, the people who later used that name were known by other designations.

Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on medicinal folklore.

Before the break with papal authority in the 16th century, the Church of England was an integral part of the Western European church.

Before the 19th century, tattoos and piercings were very common among the Aleut people, especially among women.

Before the 16th century, harvest was the term usually used to refer to the season, as it is common in other West Germanic languages to this day ( cf.

Before the thirteenth century, beer was flavoured with plants such as yarrow, wild rosemary, and bog myrtle, and other ingredients such as juniper berries, aniseed and ginger, which would be combined into a mixture known as gruit and used as hops are now used ; between the thirteenth and the sixteenth century, during which hops took over as the dominant flavouring, beer flavoured with gruit was known as ale, while beer flavoured with hops was known as beer.

Before the rise of the mendicant orders ( wandering friars ) in the thirteenth century, the daily services were usually contained in a number of large volumes.

Before the 19th century, closed social hierarchies were common in Hungary.

Before the early 18th century, the East India Company paid for its tea mainly in silver.

Before its coastline was first explored by Europeans in the 16th century, Delaware was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans, including the Lenape in the north and Nanticoke in the south.

Before the 20th century, European sources often referred to the Dalai Lama as the " Grand Lama ".

Before the 20th century many double basses had only three strings, in contrast to the five to six strings typical of instruments in the string family or the four strings of instruments in the violin family.

Before the advent of government-funded public schools, the primary mode of education for those of the lower classes was the charity school, pioneered during the 19th century by Protestant organizations and adapted for use by the Roman Catholic Church and governmental bodies.

Map of Israel as it was in the 9th century Before Christ | BC.

Before the 20th century, jewelers used the term water as in " a gem of the finest water " to express the combination of two qualities, color and crystal.

Before the twentieth century, ordinary farm workers and factory workers were usually illiterate.

Before the twentieth century, hydrodynamics was synonymous with fluid dynamics.

Before consolidation of many of these rural school districts in the last half of the twentieth century, Indiana high schools had fewer students than those of most other states ; basketball was a natural game for these schools since it only required five starters and a few reserves.

Before insurance was established in the late 17th century, " friendly societies " existed in England, in which people donated amounts of money to a general sum that could be used for emergencies.

Before the Industrial Revolution in the mid-to-late 19th century, demand for oriental goods remained the driving force behind European imperialism, and ( with the important exception of British East India Company rule in India ) the European stake in Asia remained confined largely to trading stations and strategic outposts necessary to protect trade.

Before long, scientific inquiries provoked by his claims had pushed back the age of the earth into the millions of yearsstill too short when compared with the accepted 4. 6 billion year age in the 21st century, but a distinct improvement.

Before the 18th century the Kalevala poetry was common throughout Finland and Karelia but in the 18th century it began to disappear in Finland, first in western Finland, because European rhymed poetry became more common in Finland.

Before the Brunei People ’ s Party electoral success, a military wing had emerged, the North Kalimantan National Army ( Malay abbreviation TNKU, Tentera Nasional Kalimantan Utara ), which saw itself as an anti-colonialist liberation party.

Before their departure, the ship of the commander Belisarius was anchored in front of the Imperial palace, and the Patriarch offered prayers for the success of the enterprise.

Whale's next film was The Kiss Before the Mirror ( 1933 ), a critical success but a box office failure.

Before the success of the midnight screenings, the film was withdrawn from its eight opening cities due to very small audiences, and its planned New York opening ( on Halloween night ) was cancelled.

Before the success of gyrocompass, several attempts had been made in Europe to use gyroscope instead.

Before becoming a judge, Marshall was a lawyer who was best known for his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v. Board of Education.

Before the opening of hostilities, the Greeks dispatched a delegation to the Trojans under Odysseus and Menelaus ; they endeavored to persuade Priam to hand Helen back without success.

and The Day Before Spring had met with moderate success.

He witnessed first hand his son's success as a performer, and on February 12 heard Joseph Haydn's widely-quoted words of praise, upon hearing the string quartets Wolfgang dedicated to him, " Before God and as an honest man I tell you that your son is the greatest composer known to me either in person or by name: He has taste, and, furthermore, the most profound knowledge of composition.

Before achieving success with his music, Gira worked many jobs in construction and demolition.

Before he became leader of the Conservative Party, Disraeli had announced that, as a result of the Reform Act of 1867 which had enfranchised the male working class, the party needed to pursue social reforms if it was to have electoral success.

Before the breakout success of Daughters Garfield had made a B movie feature called Blackwell's Island.

Before the recording of their fourth album, 3D, Lopes originally wanted to withdraw from the group in order to see if they could duplicate their prior success without her contributions.

His work as a songwriter met with particular success in the UK: top 40 UK hits written by Newman included Cilla Black's " I've Been Wrong Before " (# 17, 1965 ), Gene Pitney's " Nobody Needs Your Love " (# 2, 1966 ) and " Just One Smile " (# 8, 1966 ); and The Alan Price Set's " Simon Smith and His Amazing Dancing Bear " (# 4, 1967 ).

Before joining The Groundlings, Ferrell's attempts at standup comedy had little success.

Before the adoption of luck at the end of the Middle Ages, Old English and Middle English expressed the notion of " good fortune " with the word speed ( Middle English spede, Old English spēd ); speed besides " good fortune " had the wider meaning of " prosperity, profit, abundance "; it is not associated with the notion of probability or chance but rather with that of fate or divine help ; a bestower of success can also be called speed, as in " Christ be our speed " ( William Robertson, Phraseologia generalis, 1693 ).

Before Fingers ' time, a former starter's renewed success in the bullpen would have led back to a spot in the starting rotation ; but since the successes of not only Fingers but also contemporaries such as Sparky Lyle and Goose Gossage, it has been widely accepted that an excellent pitcher might actually provide a greater benefit to his team as a closer than as a third or fourth starter.

Before Smash was released, he had planned to quit before the end of the school year, but the surprising success of " Come Out and Play " forced him to reconsider.

Before the battle, the British appeared to have had great success in conquering much of Georgia and South Carolina with the aid of strong Loyalist factions, and thought that North Carolina might be within their grasp.

Before his departure for Thonburi, the King conferred honours and distinction on those who had contributed to success of his campaign.

* Cry Before Dawn, rock band who found success in the late 1980s, hails from Wexford.

Their debut album, Blackstreet, was a platinum-selling success, featuring the singles " Booti Call ", " Before I Let You Go ", and " Joy ", two of which were Top 40 hits (" Before I Let You Go " hit the Top 10 ).

By far the most popular Finnish electronica artist is Darude ( Ville Virtanen ), who gained international success with his chart-topping single " Sandstorm ," and the following hit album " Before the Storm.

Before achieving success as composer, Corigliano worked as assistant to the producer on the Leonard Bernstein Young People's Concerts, and as a session producer for classical artists such as André Watts.