Before the rise of the mendicant orders ( wandering friars ) in the thirteenth century, the daily services were usually contained in a number of large volumes.

Before the revolution Mubarak tolerated limited political activity by the Brotherhood for his first two terms, but then moved more aggressively to block its influence ( arguably leading to its recent rise in public support ).

Before a new employee could rise to the level of mastery, he had to go through a schooling period during which he was first called an apprentice.

Before the rise of Christianity, the pseudepigrapha of Enochic Judaism, which enjoyed much popularity during the Second Temple period, gave Satan an expanded role.

Before reaching Harbor Beach, the winds turned to the northeast and the lake began to rise.

Before the rise of the Mongols in the 13th century, what is now central and western Inner Mongolia, especially the Hetao region, alternated in control between Chinese agriculturalists in the south and Xiongnu, Xianbei, Khitan, Jurchen, Tujue, and other Mongol nomads of the north.

Before Tortosa, across the river, rise the massive Ports de Tortosa-Beseit mountains.

Before the rise of journaling file systems, it was common for an improperly shut-down Unix system's file system to develop a corrupted superblock.

In the 1960 edition, the article on the ark stated that " Before the days of ' higher criticism ' and the rise of the modern scientific views as to the origin of the species, there was much discussion among the learned, and many ingenious and curious theories were advanced, as to the number of animals on the ark ".

Before the rise of large ship companies on Lake Michigan, service was done primarily by owner-operated boats.

Before the rise of cotton in the American South, indigo and rice were also sometimes called plantation crops.

Before the rise of public health care and nursery facilities, almost all Finnish mothers gave birth in saunas.

Before his rise to power, Dionysius criticized the generals of Syracuse in their poor performance against the Carthagenians.

Before the election, the Tories suggested that it should rise to 66 sooner – by 2016.

Before any of us could rise to examine it, four more lights appeared almost simultaneously, about the same shape, and varying only in size.

Financial settlement periods used to be much longer: Before the early 1990s at the London Stock Exchange, for example, stock could be paid for up to 10 working days after it was bought, allowing traders to buy ( or sell ) shares at the beginning of a settlement period only to sell ( or buy ) them before the end of the period hoping for a rise in price.

Before the rise of Racine, Sainte-Beuve found La Harpe to the best critic of the French school of tragedy.

Before the rise of Birkenhead in the 1820s, it was the largest town in the Wirral Hundred.

Before the rise of the historic tribes, their indigenous ancestors lived along the river for thousands of years.

Before and after the mating season, both males and females make a five to seven note rise on the pitch scale.

Before the " MSG Incident ", Levesque had been booked into the finals of the 1996 King of the Ring tournament during the following summer, but his place-and the push that usually went with it-would instead go to Steve Austin, igniting his rise toward mainstream superstardom and helped the WWF defeat WCW in the Monday Night Wars.

Before the rise of private estates, the only kind of lands were public lands maintained under the old civil administration.

Before Chernenko's rise in the Soviet hierarchy, Kirilenko provided detailed supervision of new party personnel and the economy.

Before the rise of the NSDAP it was the main nationalist party in Weimar Germany composed of nationalists, reactionary monarchists, völkisch, and antisemitic elements, and supported by the Pan-German League.

Before the rise of Newlyn as an important settlement the landing rights and most property within the Newlyn area were owned by the Manor of Alverton.

Before and during his political career, Disraeli was well known as a literary and social figure, although his novels are not generally regarded as a part of the Victorian literary canon.

" Before this, he had published several works on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes and its consequences, but his literary capacity was mediocre, his style stiff and cold, and it was his personal character rather than his reputation as a writer that earned him the confidence of the elector.

Before the advent of copyright, anonymous and pseudonymous publication was a common practice in the sixteenth century publishing world, and a passage in the Arte of English Poesie ( 1589 ), the leading work of literary criticism of the Elizabethan period and an anonymously published work itself, mentions in passing that literary figures in the court who wrote " commendably well " circulated their poetry only among their friends, " as if it were a discredit for a gentleman to seem learned " ( Book 1, Chapter 8 ).

Before his death, Franz Kafka wrote to his friend and literary executor Max Brod: " Dearest Max, my last request: Everything I leave behind me ... in the way of diaries, manuscripts, letters ( my own and others '), sketches, and so on, to be burned unread.

Before his marriage he is alleged to have invited the homosexual literary muse, Denham Fouts, on a cruise of the Aegean Sea, perhaps because they were lovers.

Before entering the university, he had begun his literary career at Budapest as contributor and dramatic critic for Der Zwischenact.

Before leaving for Cuba, Martí wrote his " literary will " on April 1, 1895, leaving his personal papers and manuscripts to Gonzalo de Quesada, with instructions for editing.

Before the reign of David I ( 1124 – 53 ) brought Norman and Anglo-French culture to the court, the Scots possessed a flourishing literary elite who regularly produced texts in both Gaelic and Latin that were frequently transmitted to Ireland and elsewhere.

Note: Before committing suicide in 1971, Lew Welch left a note naming Donald Allen his literary executor.

Before the New Criticism became dominant, English professors in America focused their writings and teaching on historical and / or linguistic scholarship surrounding literature rather than analyzing the literary text itself.

Before the eighteenth century, Church Slavonic was in wide use as a general literary language in Russia.

Before the case went to trial, Besig requested a motion to admit 19 depositions from literary critics testifying to the " literary value of the novels and to Miller's stature as a serious writer.

Before the movement, the literary canon lacked diversity, and the ability to express ideas from the point of view of racial and ethnic minorities was not valued by the mainstream.

Before the 1848 Wallachian revolution, he presided a literary society ( Societatea Literară ) which served as a front for the radical secret association Frăţia.

Before writing the novel, Amis wrote two other Bond related works, the literary study The James Bond Dossier and the humorous The Book of Bond.

Before her departure they attend a local Russian literary event, and Fyodor is the last almost unnoticed reader to recite one of his poems.

Before the PRC acceded to the Berne Convention, computer software was not treated as a kind of literary work under the Copyright Law.

Before moving to the Guardian she was literary journalist at the Financial Times and theatre critic on the Evening Standard.

Before the war, Huie had been writing for The American Mercury, the famous literary magazine founded by H. L.

Before the literary revival movement promoted by Gwalarn in the early 20th century, most literature in Breton consisted of religious writings.

Before his death, Sobin named U. S. poets Andrew Joron and Andrew Zawacki as the co-executors of his literary estate.