Before the rise of the mendicant orders ( wandering friars ) in the thirteenth century, the daily services were usually contained in a number of large volumes.

Before the revolution Mubarak tolerated limited political activity by the Brotherhood for his first two terms, but then moved more aggressively to block its influence ( arguably leading to its recent rise in public support ).

Before a new employee could rise to the level of mastery, he had to go through a schooling period during which he was first called an apprentice.

Before the rise of Christianity, the pseudepigrapha of Enochic Judaism, which enjoyed much popularity during the Second Temple period, gave Satan an expanded role.

Before reaching Harbor Beach, the winds turned to the northeast and the lake began to rise.

Before the rise of the Mongols in the 13th century, what is now central and western Inner Mongolia, especially the Hetao region, alternated in control between Chinese agriculturalists in the south and Xiongnu, Xianbei, Khitan, Jurchen, Tujue, and other Mongol nomads of the north.

Before Tortosa, across the river, rise the massive Ports de Tortosa-Beseit mountains.

In the 1960 edition, the article on the ark stated that " Before the days of ' higher criticism ' and the rise of the modern scientific views as to the origin of the species, there was much discussion among the learned, and many ingenious and curious theories were advanced, as to the number of animals on the ark ".

Before the rise of large ship companies on Lake Michigan, service was done primarily by owner-operated boats.

Before the rise of cotton in the American South, indigo and rice were also sometimes called plantation crops.

Before the rise of public health care and nursery facilities, almost all Finnish mothers gave birth in saunas.

Before his rise to power, Dionysius criticized the generals of Syracuse in their poor performance against the Carthagenians.

Before the election, the Tories suggested that it should rise to 66 sooner – by 2016.

Before any of us could rise to examine it, four more lights appeared almost simultaneously, about the same shape, and varying only in size.

Financial settlement periods used to be much longer: Before the early 1990s at the London Stock Exchange, for example, stock could be paid for up to 10 working days after it was bought, allowing traders to buy ( or sell ) shares at the beginning of a settlement period only to sell ( or buy ) them before the end of the period hoping for a rise in price.

Before the rise of Racine, Sainte-Beuve found La Harpe to the best critic of the French school of tragedy.

Before the rise of Birkenhead in the 1820s, it was the largest town in the Wirral Hundred.

Before the rise of the historic tribes, their indigenous ancestors lived along the river for thousands of years.

Before and after the mating season, both males and females make a five to seven note rise on the pitch scale.

Before the " MSG Incident ", Levesque had been booked into the finals of the 1996 King of the Ring tournament during the following summer, but his place-and the push that usually went with it-would instead go to Steve Austin, igniting his rise toward mainstream superstardom and helped the WWF defeat WCW in the Monday Night Wars.

Before the rise of private estates, the only kind of lands were public lands maintained under the old civil administration.

Before Chernenko's rise in the Soviet hierarchy, Kirilenko provided detailed supervision of new party personnel and the economy.

Before the rise of the NSDAP it was the main nationalist party in Weimar Germany composed of nationalists, reactionary monarchists, völkisch, and antisemitic elements, and supported by the Pan-German League.

Before the rise of Newlyn as an important settlement the landing rights and most property within the Newlyn area were owned by the Manor of Alverton.

Before the DNS was invented in 1982, each computer on the network retrieved a file called HOSTS. TXT from a computer at SRI ( now SRI International ).

Before the database management approach, organizations relied on file processing systems to organize, store, and process data files.

Before the data in a Word file can be published, it must be converted into a format used by the publisher.

Before 1978, two important problems when seeking to obtain patent protection in Europe in a number of countries were first the need to file a separate patent application in each country, with a subsequent distinct grant procedure in each country, and secondly the need to translate the text of the application into a number of different languages.

Before each offering and sale is actually made, the company must file a relatively short statement regarding material changes in its business and finances since the shelf prospectus was filed.

Before Mac OS 10. 2, however, such an ambiguous alias would consistently find the original moved file, rather than the recreated file.

Before file dialogs, most programs requested files as a command line argument or as an exact file path.

Before Bugs ' third go-round with Elmer's scalp, he gives one of his feet a pedicure with a can opener, hedge clippers, file and red paint.

Before Btrieve 6. 0 the engine could only do file level locking or exclusive locking ; from 6. 0 onward, records could be locked individually.

Before this, it saved a level file in the binary, proprietary. rmf or text-based, human-readable. map format.

Before downloading a file on a p2p network, in most cases the top hash is acquired from a trusted source, for instance a friend or a web site that is known to have good recommendations of files to download.

Before downloading a file on a p2p network, in most cases the top hash is acquired from a trusted source, for instance a friend or a web site that is known to have good recommendations of files to download.

Before the development of the UEF, archives of Acorn computer software on the World Wide Web had adopted a convention of hosting ZIP archives of the raw files on a tape, each raw file accompanied by a sidecar file, with extension, carrying the load and execution addresses from the file header.

Before Majordomo, mailing lists were maintained manually, with a list owner adding and removing participants by editing a text file.

# Before a file can be accessed, the file system containing the file must be mounted.

Before 1873, England had two parallel court systems: courts of " law " that could only award money damages and recognized only the legal owner of property, and courts of " equity " ( courts of chancery ) that could issue injunctive relief ( that is, a court order to a party to do something, give something to someone, or stop doing something ) and recognized trusts of property.

Before the advent of fast computing machines, solving a dynamical system required sophisticated mathematical techniques and could be accomplished only for a small class of dynamical systems.

Before the widespread use of non-linear editing systems, the initial editing of all films was done with a positive copy of the film negative called a film workprint ( cutting copy in UK ) by physically cutting and pasting together pieces of film, using a splicer and threading the film on a machine with a viewer such as a Moviola, or " flatbed " machine such as a K .- E .- M. or Steenbeck.

Before the adoption of the current year numbering system, other systems were in use.

Before the development of practical electronic TV, there were patents on mechanically scanned color systems as early as 1889 in Russia.

Before virtual memory could be implemented in mainstream operating systems, many problems had to be addressed.

Before Linux 2. 6. 33, ReiserFS heavily used the big kernel lock ( BKL ) — a global kernel-wide lock — which does not scale very well for systems with multiple cores, as the critical code parts are only ever executed by one core at a time.

Before IN was developed, all new feature and / or services that were to be added had to be implemented directly in the core switch systems.

Before the advent of disk operating systems and the ability to record large data files, core dumps were paper printouts of the contents of memory, typically arranged in columns of octal or hexadecimal numbers ( a " hex dump "), sometimes accompanied by their interpretations as machine language instructions, text strings, or decimal or floating-point numbers ( cf.

Before this development, firearms used flintlock ignition systems which produced flint-on-steel sparks to ignite a pan of priming powder and thereby fire the gun's main powder charge ( the flintlock mechanism replaced older ignition systems such as the matchlock and wheellock ).

Before the Normans arrived, Anglo-Saxon governmental systems were more sophisticated than their counterparts in Normandy.

Before computerisation replaced manual filing systems in large fingerprint operations, manual fingerprint classification systems were used to categorize fingerprints based on general ridge formations ( such as the presence or absence of circular patterns on various fingers ), thus permitting filing and retrieval of paper records in large collections based on friction ridge patterns alone.

Before modern electronic telephone switching systems came into use, dial tones were usually generated by electromechanical means ; in the United States, the standard " city " dial tone consisted of a 600 Hz tone amplitude-modulated at 120 Hz.

Before molecular phylogenetics became an important part of plant taxonomy, Urticales was recognized in many, perhaps even most, systems of plant classification, with some variations in circumscription.

Before about 1984, coordinate systems dated to 1950 or 1900 were commonly used.

Before the advance of A / B editing systems, most editors only had precise control over two decks — their record deck and one source deck, which was typically the ' A ' deck.

Before the adoption of timecode by the motion picture industry in the late 1980s, pilottone-sync was the basis of all professional magnetic motion picture sound recording systems, whereas most amateur film formats used pre-striped magnetic coating on the film itself for live-sound recording.

Before the 16th century and Copernican heliocentrism, human knowledge of planetary systems was limited to heliocentrism and our own planetary system ( the Solar System ).

Before the introduction of the microprocessor in the early 1970s, computers were generally large, costly systems owned by large institutions: corporations, universities, government agencies, and the like.

Before ETA Systems was reincorporated into CDC, a total of 25 systems were delivered.

Before paging came into use, systems had to fit whole programs into storage contiguously, which caused various storage and fragmentation problems.