Belief is the psychological state in which an individual holds a proposition or premise to be true.

Belief is the psychological state in which an individual holds a proposition or premise to be true.

Belief in conspiracy theories has therefore become a topic of interest for sociologists, psychologists and experts in folklore.

Belief in conspiracy theories has become a topic of interest for sociologists, psychologists and experts in folklore since at least the 1960s, when the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy eventually provoked an unprecedented public response directed against the official version of the case as expounded in the Report of the Warren Commission.

They show that this model, when optimized for single-step decision making, produces Belief Anchoring and Polarization of opinions-exactly as described in the global warming controversy context-in spite of identical evidence presented, the pre-existing beliefs ( or evidence presented first ) has an overwhelming effect on the beliefs formed.

Belief that the citizen's country has benefited from EU membership is lowest ( below 50 %) in the UK, Hungary, Latvia, Italy, Austria, Sweden and Bulgaria.

Belief in the Grail and interest in its potential whereabouts has never ceased.

* Belief that an event is " due " to happen: For example, " The roulette wheel has landed on red in three consecutive spins.

Philosopher Lynne Rudder Baker has outlined four main contemporary approaches to belief in her controversial book Saving Belief:

Meaning Belief in the Oneness of the Worship of Allah, where it is to believe in total obedience to Allah, that none has the right to be worshiped ( praying, invoking, asking for help ( from the unseen ), swearing, slaughtering sacrifices, giving charity, fasting, pilgrimage and so on ) except Allah.

" Because Gettier's criticism of the Justified True Belief model is systemic, a cottage industry has sprung up around imagining increasingly fantastical counterexamples.

In recent times A. L. De Silva, an Australian convert to Buddhism, has written a book, Beyond Belief, designed to refute the arguments of Christian evangelists.

The heavenly bodies ( the heavenly host-sun, moon, and stars ) were worshiped as deities, a practice which the bible disapproves and of which righteous Job protests his innocence: " If I have looked at the sun when it shone, or the moon ... and my mouth has kissed my hand, this also would be an iniquity ..." Belief in the divinity of the heavenly bodies explains a passage in Joshua 10: 12, usually translated as Joshua asking the sun and moon to stand still, but in fact Joshua utters an incantation to ensure that the sun-god and moon-god, who supported his enemies, would not provide them with oracles.

Shermer has been a speaker at all three Beyond Belief events from 2006 to 2008.

Belief in koro being caused by the fox ghost among the southern Chinese has been reported.

His current research activities are now concentrated on the application and extension of the Turbo technology in various domains, including his research on Artificial thinking, because the Turbo-decoding has been recognized as a new instance of the very general principle of Belief propagation ; one application of this principle has been invented for the decoding of Low-density parity-check codes ( LDPC codes also known as Gallager codes, in honor of Robert G. Gallager, who developed the LDPC concept in his doctoral dissertation at MIT in 1960 as a theoretical model whose practical implementation was not widely developed until recently ).

Formulating evidentialism in terms of the doxastic attitude of belief its most-defended form comes from Conee and Feldman: Belief, B, toward proposition, p, is epistemically justified for Subject, S, at time, t, if and only if B fits the evidence which S has at t.

Belief propagation is commonly used in artificial intelligence and information theory and has demonstrated empirical success in numerous applications including low-density parity-check codes, turbo codes, free energy approximation, and satisfiability.

" Musically, the band embraced a hard rock sound reminiscent of Def Leppard, as described by CCM Magazine: " Petra has certainly moved more and more toward a big, arena rock sound in the past few years ( the most obvious fruit of their association with the Elefantes ), and Beyond Belief is, if not completely Kansas-inspired, certainly on par with some of the best arena rock music around.

Other works include Poetic Closure: A Study of How Poems End, Belief and Resistance: Dynamics of Contemporary Intellectual Controversy, and an edition of Shakespeare's sonnets ; she has published numerous books and articles on language, literature, and critical theory.

He has appeared on The Process of Belief, The Empire Strikes First, New Maps of Hell, and The Dissent of Man.

He has participated and spoken at the Beyond Belief symposia in 2006 and 2007.

According to Richard Barber in The Holy Grail: Imagination and Belief, the Wasteland as theme in the Grail romances is of minor importance until the last works of the cycle, and the emphasis on fertility is " an interpretation which has haunted twentieth-century literature to a degree quite disproportionate to its basis in fact ".

Although Knight's organization has been featured in a book titled Kooks: A Guide to the Outer Limits of Human Belief, The Guardian journalist Oliver Burkeman notes that in a phone conversation Knight seems " rather sane and self-deprecating ".

He has written and broadcast extensively about his views of religion, spirituality, and the spirituality of science including the essays, " The Perimeter of Ignorance " and " Holy Wars ," both appearing in Natural History magazine and the 2006 Beyond Belief workshop.

# Belief and seeing are both often wrong

Belief in the last judgment ( often linked with the General judgment ) is held firmly inside Catholicism.

# Belief that the scriptures have been tampered with

# Belief that history textbooks and other educational materials have been negatively influenced by white-supremacist doctrines

Belief in the Awliya is an agreed upon article of faith in Sunni Islam having been mentioned in the earliest creeds to the most recent.

Belief in a global Flood and a 6000 year history for the Earth had been largely abandoned by the mid-19th century.

More recent techniques have been developed by artificial intelligence community with their works around Bayesian network inference ( Belief propagation ).

In 2012, her installation Belief + Doubt, which covers 6, 700 square feet of surface area and was been printed onto wallpaper-like sheets in the artist's signature colors of red, black and white, was installed at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.

Belief in Reincarnation has never been a part of official Christian or Jewish teaching, or at least, in the former case, it has been a formal heresy since it was rejected by a narrow margin at the Second Council of Constantinople in AD 553.

* Brain & Belief: An Exploration of the Human Soul by John J. McGraw, Aegis Press, 2004

In New York, the New Normannii Reik of Theodish Belief was founded in 1997 and is led by Dan Halloran, but in 2009 many members split off and formed the Arfstoll Church of Theodish Belief, White Marsh Theod, and Álfröðull þjóð.

Belief in such a cabal is a device for reassuring oneself that certain occurrences are not random, but ordered by a human intelligence.

Belief in a divine potential of humankind is taught by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS ).

Belief in Mary's immaculate conception is not a doctrine within Anglicanism, although it is shared by many Anglo-Catholics.

However, the foundation of memetics in full modern incarnation originates in the publication in 1996 of two books by authors outside the academic mainstream: Virus of the Mind: The New Science of the Meme by former Microsoft executive turned motivational speaker and professional poker player, Richard Brodie, and Thought Contagion: How Belief Spreads Through Society by Aaron Lynch, a mathematician and philosopher who worked for many years as an engineer at Fermilab.

* Rohde, Erwin, Psyche: The Cult of Souls and the Belief in Immortality Among the Greeks, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1925 ; reprinted by Routledge, 2000.

Belief in the loup-garou present in Canada, the Upper and Lower Peninsulas of Michigan and upstate New York, originates from French folklore influenced by Native American stories on the Wendigo.

* Belief bias is when one's evaluation of the logical strength of an argument is biased by their belief in the truth or falsity of the conclusion.

" A Puzzle about Belief ", In Meaning and Use, edited by A. Margalit.

Belief in the messiahship and divinity of Jesus, which Messianic Judaism generally shares, is viewed by many Christian denominations and Jewish religious movements as a defining distinction between Christianity and Judaism.

He wrote a foreword to the book Yoga Beyond Belief, written by Ganga White in 2007.

Ethics of Belief Classic essay that belief by its nature is not ethical, with counterpoint by " The Will to Believe " of William James

Belief in the resolution and compensation of good and evil in this world, by the eternal elevation of the soul in the next world, can resolve apparent injustices in the full metaphysical equation.

Like The Process of Belief, it is widely regarded by fans as a return to the faster punk-style songwriting that some felt was less prominent in the band's music during their time on Atlantic.

Dan Egonsson, followed by Roger Wertheimer, argued that while it is conventional for people to equate dignity with ' being human ' ( Egonsson's ' Standard Attitude ', Wertheimer's ' Standard Belief '), people generally also import something other than mere humanness to their idea of dignity.

The category of problem owes its name to a three-page paper published in 1963, by Edmund Gettier, called " Is Justified True Belief Knowledge ?".

Belief and faith in the true reality of the tathāgatagarbha is presented by the relevant scriptures as a positive mental act and is strongly urged ; indeed, rejection of the tathāgatagarbha is linked with highly adverse karmic consequences.

* Profiles in Belief: the Religious Bodies of the United States and Canada, by Arthur Carl Piepkorn

# Profiles in Belief is apparently in error when it says that the New England Evangelical Baptist Fellowship was organized in the 1940s by Congregational-Christian Churches that preferred not to become a part of the United Church of Christ.