* Belief propagation

* Belief propagation

His current research activities are now concentrated on the application and extension of the Turbo technology in various domains, including his research on Artificial thinking, because the Turbo-decoding has been recognized as a new instance of the very general principle of Belief propagation ; one application of this principle has been invented for the decoding of Low-density parity-check codes ( LDPC codes also known as Gallager codes, in honor of Robert G. Gallager, who developed the LDPC concept in his doctoral dissertation at MIT in 1960 as a theoretical model whose practical implementation was not widely developed until recently ).

Belief propagation, also known as Sum-product message passing is a message passing algorithm for performing inference on graphical models, such as Bayesian networks and Markov random fields.

Belief propagation operates on a factor graph: a bipartite graph containing nodes corresponding to variables V and factors U, with edges between variables and the factors in which they appear.

Belief propagation algorithms are normally presented as messages update equations on a factor graph, involving messages between variable nodes and their neighboring factor nodes and vice versa.

* Belief propagation

More recent techniques have been developed by artificial intelligence community with their works around Bayesian network inference ( Belief propagation ).

* Belief propagation

Belief in an afterlife, which may be naturalistic or supernatural, is in contrast to the belief in eternal oblivion after death.

Belief through faith is the condition for entrance into the Kingdom of God ; unbelief is the condition for exit from the Kingdom of God – not a lack of good works.

In New York, the New Normannii Reik of Theodish Belief was founded in 1997 and is led by Dan Halloran, but in 2009 many members split off and formed the Arfstoll Church of Theodish Belief, White Marsh Theod, and Álfröðull þjóð.

Belief in such a cabal is a device for reassuring oneself that certain occurrences are not random, but ordered by a human intelligence.

Belief in the existence of ghosts and earthbound spirits is rejected and considered to be the product of superstition.

Belief in a divine potential of humankind is taught by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS ).

Belief that the citizen's country has benefited from EU membership is lowest ( below 50 %) in the UK, Hungary, Latvia, Italy, Austria, Sweden and Bulgaria.

Belief in divine intervention in illness or healing is related to religious belief.

# Belief in and worship of, or prayer to, " idols " is forbidden.

Belief in Mary's immaculate conception is not a doctrine within Anglicanism, although it is shared by many Anglo-Catholics.

* Belief that an event is " due " to happen: For example, " The roulette wheel has landed on red in three consecutive spins.

Belief in the eventual coming of a future messiah is a fundamental part of Judaism, and is one of Maimonides ' 13 Principles of Faith.

Belief in the eventual coming of the mashiach is a basic and fundamental part of traditional Judaism.

Belief in the Resurrection of the Dead, and Jesus Christ's role as judge, is codified in the Apostles ' Creed, which is the fundamental creed of Christian baptismal faith.

Belief in the " Day of Resurrection ", Yawm al-Qiyāmah () is also crucial for Muslims.

Belief or unbelief in the theory of evolution is no more a characteristic of any religious establishment or mode of worship than is belief or unbelief in the wisdom of the prohibition laws.

Belief in the existence of an Aryan race is sometimes referred to as " Aryanism ".

Belief in Xenu and body thetans is a requirement for a Scientologist to progress further along the Bridge to Total Freedom.

* Belief bias is when one's evaluation of the logical strength of an argument is biased by their belief in the truth or falsity of the conclusion.

* Dispensationalism – Belief in a conservative, Biblically literalist hermeneutic and philosophy of history that, by stressing the dichotomy between Israel and the Church, rejects supercessionism ( commonly referred to as " replacement theology ").

Belief in the sky father and the military prowess of Aryan supermen was a feature of Nazi racial ideology ; the swastika was chosen to embody this belief system because it was a symbol thought to be used by the ancient Vedic religion ( as well as modern Hinduism and Buddhism.

The term gained some attention when it was used in the 1955 book Science and Christian Belief by Charles Alfred Coulson, where Coulson states: " There is no ' God of the gaps ' to take over at those strategic places where science fails ; and the reason is that gaps of this sort have the unpreventable habit of shrinking.

Due to the unusual combination of the notable achievements of being a world-class pianist and a successful politician, Saul Kripke used Paderewski in a famous philosophical example in his article " A Puzzle about Belief.

Belief of natural and artificial circumstances was abandoned, and a research tradition of systematic experimentation was slowly accepted throughout the scientific community.

* Modernism – Belief that truth changes, so doctrine must evolve in light of new information or trends.

Belief revision is the process of changing beliefs to take into account a new piece of information.

Belief in theory of Karma

* Belief in theory of Karma

Other works include Poetic Closure: A Study of How Poems End, Belief and Resistance: Dynamics of Contemporary Intellectual Controversy, and an edition of Shakespeare's sonnets ; she has published numerous books and articles on language, literature, and critical theory.

Belief revision and social choice theory are similar in that they combine a set of orderings into one.

Belief in conspiracy theories has therefore become a topic of interest for sociologists, psychologists and experts in folklore.

Belief in conspiracy theories has become a topic of interest for sociologists, psychologists and experts in folklore since at least the 1960s, when the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy eventually provoked an unprecedented public response directed against the official version of the case as expounded in the Report of the Warren Commission.

They show that this model, when optimized for single-step decision making, produces Belief Anchoring and Polarization of opinions-exactly as described in the global warming controversy context-in spite of identical evidence presented, the pre-existing beliefs ( or evidence presented first ) has an overwhelming effect on the beliefs formed.

Belief in the Grail and interest in its potential whereabouts has never ceased.

Philosopher Lynne Rudder Baker has outlined four main contemporary approaches to belief in her controversial book Saving Belief:

Meaning Belief in the Oneness of the Worship of Allah, where it is to believe in total obedience to Allah, that none has the right to be worshiped ( praying, invoking, asking for help ( from the unseen ), swearing, slaughtering sacrifices, giving charity, fasting, pilgrimage and so on ) except Allah.

" Because Gettier's criticism of the Justified True Belief model is systemic, a cottage industry has sprung up around imagining increasingly fantastical counterexamples.

In recent times A. L. De Silva, an Australian convert to Buddhism, has written a book, Beyond Belief, designed to refute the arguments of Christian evangelists.

The heavenly bodies ( the heavenly host-sun, moon, and stars ) were worshiped as deities, a practice which the bible disapproves and of which righteous Job protests his innocence: " If I have looked at the sun when it shone, or the moon ... and my mouth has kissed my hand, this also would be an iniquity ..." Belief in the divinity of the heavenly bodies explains a passage in Joshua 10: 12, usually translated as Joshua asking the sun and moon to stand still, but in fact Joshua utters an incantation to ensure that the sun-god and moon-god, who supported his enemies, would not provide them with oracles.

Shermer has been a speaker at all three Beyond Belief events from 2006 to 2008.

Belief in koro being caused by the fox ghost among the southern Chinese has been reported.

Formulating evidentialism in terms of the doxastic attitude of belief its most-defended form comes from Conee and Feldman: Belief, B, toward proposition, p, is epistemically justified for Subject, S, at time, t, if and only if B fits the evidence which S has at t.

" Musically, the band embraced a hard rock sound reminiscent of Def Leppard, as described by CCM Magazine: " Petra has certainly moved more and more toward a big, arena rock sound in the past few years ( the most obvious fruit of their association with the Elefantes ), and Beyond Belief is, if not completely Kansas-inspired, certainly on par with some of the best arena rock music around.

Belief in psychological profiling has often been supported by anecdotal evidence describing BAU profiles as a necessary key to solving a crime.

He has appeared on The Process of Belief, The Empire Strikes First, New Maps of Hell, and The Dissent of Man.

He has participated and spoken at the Beyond Belief symposia in 2006 and 2007.

According to Richard Barber in The Holy Grail: Imagination and Belief, the Wasteland as theme in the Grail romances is of minor importance until the last works of the cycle, and the emphasis on fertility is " an interpretation which has haunted twentieth-century literature to a degree quite disproportionate to its basis in fact ".

Although Knight's organization has been featured in a book titled Kooks: A Guide to the Outer Limits of Human Belief, The Guardian journalist Oliver Burkeman notes that in a phone conversation Knight seems " rather sane and self-deprecating ".

He has written and broadcast extensively about his views of religion, spirituality, and the spirituality of science including the essays, " The Perimeter of Ignorance " and " Holy Wars ," both appearing in Natural History magazine and the 2006 Beyond Belief workshop.