There are approximately 9, 000 coins, medals and banknotes on display around the British Museum.

Modern bullion coins for investment or collector purposes do not require good mechanical wear properties ; they are typically fine gold at 24k, although the American Gold Eagle and the British gold sovereign continue to be minted in 22k metal in historical tradition.

" However elsewhere he ascribes the origins of the horse to the pre-Roman Britons, reasoning that the horse resembles certain Iron Age British coins.

Gold coins were first copied dinars and bore Kufic script, but after 1250 Christian symbols were added following Papal complaints ( British Museum ).

This huge success of the Krugerrand encouraged other gold-producing countries to mint and issue gold bullion coins of their own, including the Canadian Gold Maple Leaf in 1979, the Australian Nugget in 1981, the Chinese Gold Panda in 1982, the American Gold Eagle in 1986, and the British Britannia coin in 1987.

Other coins using a curve of constant width include the 7-sided British twenty pence and fifty pence coins ( the latter of which has similar size and value to the loonie, but is silver in colour ).

* Writing under the pseudonym " Hirossa Ap-Iccim " in The Gentleman's Magazine, ( London ) July 1745, Hugh Jones proposed an octal system for British coins, weights and measures.

Roman coins and medieval artefacts have all been found in or around the monument but it is unknown if the monument was in continuous use throughout British prehistory and beyond, or exactly how it would have been used.

Exhibits include Roman boots, shoes, armour, jewellery and coins, infra-red photographs of the writing tablets and, from 2011, a small selection of the tablets themselves, on loan from the British Museum.

Two special designs of the British commemorative two pound coins were issued in the United Kingdom in 1989 to celebrate the tercentenary of the Glorious Revolution.

British coins are minted by the Royal Mint in Llantrisant, Wales.

In the years just prior to decimalisation, the circulating British coins were the half crown ( 2 / 6 ), two shillings or florin ( 2 /-), shilling ( 1 /-), sixpence ( 6d ), threepence ( 3d ), penny ( 1d ) and halfpenny ( ½d ).

From a very early date, British coins have been inscribed with the name of the ruler of the kingdom in which they were produced, and a longer or shorter title, always in Latin ; among the earliest distinctive English coins are the silver pennies of Offa of Mercia, which were inscribed with the legend " King Offa ".

All British coins produced since 1662 have been milled.

In 1920, the silver content of all British coins was reduced from 92. 5 % to 50 %, with a portion of the remainder consisting of manganese, which caused the coins to tarnish to a very dark colour after they had been in circulation for a significant period.

He has a badge of three ostrich feathers ( which can be seen on the reverse of the previous design for decimal British two pence coins dated up to 2008 ); it dates back to the Black Prince and is his as the English heir even before he is made Prince of Wales.

In the early part of the 17th century, British East India Company coins were minted in England and shipped to the East.

Afterwards, standard gold coins, mainly British sovereigns, would still be used in colonies and less developed economies and silver Maria Theresa thalers dated 1780 would be struck as trade coins for countries in East Asia until 1946 and possibly later locally.

Later coins, including some in the British Museum, were made from gold purified by heating with common salt to remove the silver.

During the reign of King Charles II, Britannia made her first appearance on English coins on a farthing of 1672 ( see Depiction on British coinage and postage stamps below ).

Although the archetypical image of Britannia seated on a shield first appeared on Roman bronze coins of the 1st century AD struck under Hadrian, Britannia's first appearance on British coinage was on the farthing in 1672, though earlier pattern versions had appeared in 1665, followed by the halfpenny later the same year.

They emerged as interchangeable cogs in a faulty but formidable machine: shaved nearly naked, hair queued, greatcoated, jackbooted, and best of all -- in the opinion of the British professional, Major Semple-Lisle -- `` their minds are not estranged from the paths of obedience by those smatterings of knowledge which only serve to lead to insubordination and mutiny ''.

The headquarters of Morgan was on a farm, said to have been particularly well located so as to prevent the farmers nearby from trading with the British, a practice all too common to those who preferred to sell their produce for British gold rather than the virtually worthless Continental currency.

Its costive deliberations were likened to those of the British courts of chancery mercilessly caricatured by Dickens in Bleak House.

Songs from China and Japan were reserved exclusively for Miss Mao, who is a native of China, and those of the British Isles were sung by Mr. Fuller, who is English by birth.

Along with the Bill of Rights 1689, it remains today one of the main constitutional laws governing the succession to not only the throne of the United Kingdom, but, following British colonialism, the resultant doctrine of reception, and independence, also to those of the other Commonwealth realms, whether by willing deference to the act as a British statute or as a patriated part of the particular realm's constitution.

From time to time there has been debate over repealing the clause that prevents " Papists " ( Roman Catholics ) or those who marry one from ascending to the British throne.

In 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany was founded in West Germany and eventually included all of the American, British, and French zones, excluding those three countries ' zones in Berlin, while the Marxist-Leninist German Democratic Republic was proclaimed in East Germany.

Other large ethnic groups include those of British and other European origin.

About half of those are located on the European continent, rather than on the British Isles.

In February 1705, Queen Anne, who had made Marlborough a Duke in 1702, granted him the Park of Woodstock and promised a sum of £ 240, 000 to build a suitable house as a gift from a grateful crown in recognition of his victory – a victory which British historian Sir Edward Shepherd Creasy considered one of the pivotal battles in history, writing – " Had it not been for Blenheim, all Europe might at this day suffer under the effect of French conquests resembling those of Alexander in extent and those of the Romans in durability.

Helen Beatrix Potter ( 28 July 186622 December 1943 ) was an English author, illustrator, natural scientist and conservationist best known for her imaginative children ’ s books featuring animals such as those in The Tale of Peter Rabbit which celebrated the British landscape and country life.

British vessels could anchor in those spaces and engage the French without reply.

The Voortrekkers were those Boers ( mainly from the eastern Cape ) who left the Cape en masse in a series of large scale migrations later called the Great Trek beginning in 1835 as a result of British colonialism and constant border wars.

Bloody Sunday remains among the most significant events in the Troubles of Northern Ireland, chiefly because those who died were shot by the British army rather than paramilitaries, in full view of the public and the press.

Neither those who searched his pockets in the house nor the British army medical officer ( Soldier 138 ) who pronounced him dead shortly afterwards say they saw any bombs.

All eyewitnesses ( apart from the soldiers ), including marchers, local residents, and British and Irish journalists present, maintain that soldiers fired into an unarmed crowd, or were aiming at fleeing people and those tending the wounded, whereas the soldiers themselves were not fired upon.

" Saville stated that British paratroopers " lost control ", fatally shooting fleeing civilians and those who tried to aid the civilians who had been shot by the British soldiers.

" He acknowledged that all those who died were unarmed when they were killed by British soldiers and that a British soldier had fired the first shot at civilians.

While Israeli law is undergoing codification, its basic principles are inherited from the law of the British Mandate of Palestine and thus resemble those of British and American law, namely: the role of courts in creating the body of law and the authority of the supreme court in reviewing and if necessary overturning legislative and executive decisions, as well as employing the adversarial system.

As a subject of the Austro-Hungarian Empire resident on a British colonial possession, he was effectively confined to New Guinea for several years.

With the expansion of the British Empire, and hence the growth of Anglicanism outside Great Britain and Ireland, the Communion sought to establish new vehicles of unity.

However, the enormous expansion in the 18th and 19th centuries of the British Empire brought Anglicanism along with it.

In 1971 Agatha Christie was made a Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire.

* 1930 – Gandhi raises a lump of mud and salt and declares, " With this, I am shaking the foundations of the British Empire.

* 1921 – The British install the son of Sharif Hussein bin Ali ( leader of the Arab Revolt of 1916 against the Ottoman Empire ) as King Faisal I of Iraq.

Category: Officers of the Order of the British Empire

* 1834 – Slavery is abolished in the British Empire as the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 comes into force.

* 1838 – Non-laborer slaves in most of the British Empire are emancipated.

* 1840 – Laborer slaves in most of the British Empire are emancipated.

* Celebration of the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 which ended the slavery in the British Empire, generally celebrated as a part of Carnival, as the Caribbean Carnival takes place at this time ( British West Indies ):

* The British Empire of The Peshawar Lancers by S. M. Stirling features a massive water powered engine at Oxford, used by two of the main characters.

Britannia's association with the oceanic British Empire is indicated by her holding a large anchor.

* 1947 – Pakistan gains Independence from the British Empire and joins the Commonwealth of Nations.

* 1947 – India gains Independence from the British Indian Empire and joins the Commonwealth of Nations.

* 1930 – The first British Empire Games were opened in Hamilton, Ontario by the Governor General of Canada, the Viscount Willingdon.

* 1914 – World War I: the United Kingdom declares war on Austria-Hungary ; the countries of the British Empire follow suit.

* 1833 – The Slavery Abolition Act 1833 receives Royal Assent, abolishing slavery through most the British Empire.

Although most dialects of English used in the former British Empire outside of North America and Australasia are, to various extents, based on British English, most of the countries concerned have developed their own unique dialects, particularly with respect to pronunciation, idioms and vocabulary.

Similarly, the language spread to numerous other parts of the world as a result of British trade and colonization elsewhere and the spread of the former British Empire, which, by 1921, held sway over a population of 470 – 570 million people, approximately a quarter of the world's population at that time.

Category: Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire

Abdülaziz cultivated good relations with the Second French Empire and the British.