British military historians J. F. C.

Accounts of the Ethiopian artillery deployed at Adwa differ ; Russian advisor Leonid Artamonov wrote that it comprised 42 Russian mountain guns supported by a team of fifteen advisers, but British historians suggest that the Ethiopian guns were Hotchiss and Maxim pieces captured from the Egyptians or purchased from French and other European suppliers.

Labeled by both contemporaries and historians as " the grandest society of merchants in the universe ", the British East India Company would come to symbolize the dazzlingly rich potential of the corporation, as well as new methods of business that could be both brutal and exploitative.

Category: British historians

: However, it is claimed by present-day historians, both Spanish and British, that this version is apocryphal since no contemporary source accounts it.

Native Celtic peoples had been marginalized during the period of Roman Britain, and when the Romans abandoned the British Isles during the 400s, waves of Germanic peoples, known to later historians as the Anglo-Saxons, migrated to southern Britain and established a series of petty kingdoms in what would eventually develop into the Kingdom of England by AD 927.

Hadrian is considered by many historians to have been wise and just: Schiller called him " the Empire's first servant ", and British historian Edward Gibbon admired his " vast and active genius ", as well as his " equity and moderation ".

To understand the full scope of the impi's performance in battle, military historians of the Zulu typically look to its early operations against internal African enemies, not merely the British interlude.

Geoffrey Ashe is one dissenter from this view, believing that Geoffrey's narrative is partially derived from a lost source telling of the deeds of a 5th-century British king named Riotamus, this figure being the original Arthur, although historians and Celticists have been reluctant to follow Ashe in his conclusions.

Through vigorous missionary activity Methodism spread throughout the British Empire and, mostly through Whitefield's preaching during what historians call the First Great Awakening, colonial America.

" British historians, including Evans, Taylor, Palmer and Crankshaw, see Bismarck as an ambivalent figure, undoubtedly a man of great skill but who left no lasting system in place to guide successors less skilled than himself.

In 1967, American oral historians founded the Oral History Association, and British oral historians founded the Oral History Society in 1969.

Category: British military historians

British historian Richard J. Evans describes the difference in technique between historians and revisionists thus:

Category: British historians

According to 19th century British historians, it was these " Aryans " who " invaded " India and established the caste system, an elitist act of social organization that ( according to the British ) separated the " light-skinned " Indo-Aryan conquerors from the " conquered dark-skinned " indigenous Dravidian tribes through enforcement of " racial endogamy ".

William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham PC ( 15 November 1708 – 11 May 1778 ), called William Pitt the Elder by historians, was a British Whig statesman who led Britain during the Seven Years ' War ( known as the French and Indian War in the United States ).

Other historians argue that the invasion occurred to protect the interests of British investors with assets in Egypt and also to boost the political popularity of the Liberal Party.

Because there are no accounts of the custom in Great Britain prior to the 17th century, some historians and folklorists have theorised that it was not an ancient British custom but was in fact imported into Britain from continental Europe in the early modern period, possibly from Flanders in Belgium, where the tradition thrived in this period.

British and European historians use the term the Seven Years ' War, as do many Canadians.

Canadian historians avoid the term " French and Indian war " ( because they were the French and Indians the British warred against ), preferring " Anglo-French rivalry.

Matters of dispute by the participants and writers and historians since the war have included the wisdom of pursuing an offensive strategy in the wake of the failed Nivelle Offensive, rather than waiting for the arrrival of the American armies in France, the choice to attack in Flanders over areas further south or the Italian front, the climate and weather in Flanders, Haig's selection of General Hubert Gough and the Fifth Army to conduct the offensive, debates over the nature of the opening attack between advocates of shallow and deeper objectives, the passage of time between the Battle of Messines and the opening attack of the Battles of Ypres, the extent to which the internal troubles of the French armies motivated British persistence in the offensive, the effect of mud on operations and the decision to continue the offensive in October, once the weather had broken and the human cost of the campaign on the soldiers of the German and British armies.

In the early 19th century, British and Dutch governments signed the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 to exchange trading ports under their controls and assert spheres of influence, which indirectly set apart the two parts of Borneo into British and Dutch controlled areas.

All eyewitnesses ( apart from the soldiers ), including marchers, local residents, and British and Irish journalists present, maintain that soldiers fired into an unarmed crowd, or were aiming at fleeing people and those tending the wounded, whereas the soldiers themselves were not fired upon.

These were the last majority-Greek-speaking areas to be united with the Greek state, apart from Cyprus which was a British possession until it became independent in 1960.

The site is owned by Cardiff Athletic Club and has been host to many sports, apart from rugby union and cricket ; they include athletics, association football, greyhound racing, tennis, British baseball and boxing.

The original Roman vase has remained in the British Museum ever since 1810, apart from three years ( 1929 – 32 ) when William Cavendish-Bentinck, 6th Duke of Portland put it up for sale at Christie's where it failed to reach its reserve.

The Chardonnay vintages of the early 1990s from British Columbia helped generate international attention to the quality of Canadian wines apart from ice wine varietals.

* Rock Rivals ( 2008 ) is a British television show about two judges on a televised singing contest whose marriage is falling apart.

Previously most immigrants to New Zealand had been European and especially British, apart from some migrants from other Pacific Islands such as Samoa.

For the most part of the years of the Fifth Coalition, British military operations on land apart from in the Iberian Peninsula remained restricted to hit-and-run operations executed by the Royal Navy, which dominated the sea after having beaten down almost all substantial naval opposition from France and its allies and blockading what remained of France's naval forces in heavily fortified French-controlled ports.

There was no seeding, apart from each group containing one western European team, one eastern European team, one of the four British teams that had qualified, and one from the American continent.

On July 30, 1915, it was first used in a concerted action, against British trenches at Hooge, where the lines were just 4. 5m ( 5 yards ) apart — even there, the casualties were caused mainly by soldiers being flushed into the open and being shot by more conventional means rather than from the fire itself.

The motive for choosing this title was probably that, apart from its traditions, it avoided the difficulty created by the fact that the Keppels had as yet no territorial possessions in the British Islands.

The Quebec provincial electoral district ( riding ) of D ' Arcy-McGee is named in his honour, as is D ' Arcy, British Columbia and two villages in central Saskatchewan: D ' Arcy and McGee, located approximately 20 kilometres apart.

With most of their senior officers dead or wounded, the British soldiers, having no orders to advance further or retreat, stood out in the open and were shot apart with grapeshot from Line Jackson.

From December 25, 1814 to January 26, 1815, British casualties during the Louisiana Campaign, apart from the assault on January 8, were 49 killed, 87 wounded and 4 missing.

Although by the fall of 1799 the Russo-Austrian alliance had more or less fallen apart, Paul still cooperated willingly with the British.

In the UK and countries whose education systems were founded on the British model, such as the U. S., the master's degree was for a long time the only postgraduate degree normally awarded, while in most European countries apart from the UK, the master's degree almost disappeared.

Berlin was to remain at Oxford for the rest of his life, apart from a period working for British Information Services in New York from 1940 to 1942, and for the British embassies in Washington, DC, and Moscow from then until 1946.

The Franco-American guns began to tear apart the British defenses.

The Indian Penal Code was later reproduced in most other British colonies – and to date many of these laws are still in effect in places as far apart as Pakistan, Singapore, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nigeria and Zimbabwe as well as in India.

Unlike the situation in many parts of British India, religious-and caste-based violence was very rare in Travancore, apart from a few incidents in 1821, 1829, 1858 and 1921, which themselves, when compared to similar riots elsewhere, were very mild.

The Netherlands later joined France, and the British were outnumbered on land and sea in a world war, as they had no major allies apart from Indian tribes.