The Late Bronze Age ( from 1700 to 1200 BCE ) Hittite and Hurrian Aplu was a god of plague, invoked during plague years.

In the Middle Bronze Age an apparently " alphabetic " system known as the Proto-Sinaitic script is thought by some to have been developed in the Sinai peninsula during the 19th century BC, by Canaanite workers in the Egyptian turquoise mines.

) Adobe brickmaking was used in Spain starting by the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age, from the eighth century B. C.

It contained the winter solstice in the Early Bronze Age.

The subsequent Bronze Age civilizations of Greece and the Aegean Sea have given rise to the general term Aegean civilization.

During the Late Bronze Age circa 2000 BC, they created an empire, the Hittite New Kingdom, which reached its height in the 14th century BC, controlling much of Asia Minor.

Beginning with the Bronze Age Collapse at the end of the 2nd millennium BC, the west coast of Anatolia was settled by Ionian Greeks, usurping the related but earlier Mycenaean Greeks.

The earliest anchors were probably rocks, and many rock anchors have been found dating from at least the Bronze Age.

Agate is one of the most common materials used in the art of hardstone carving, and has been recovered at a number of ancient sites, indicating its widespread use in the ancient world ; for example, archaeological recovery at the Knossos site on Crete illustrates its role in Bronze Age Minoan culture.

In 396, he wiped out the last remnants of the Mysteries at Eleusis in Attica, ending a tradition of esoteric religious ceremonies that had lasted since the Bronze Age.

Though there was no Bronze Age city on the site, archaeology has detected human activity that is evident from the earliest Iron Age, circa 1100 BC.

Their non-Greek language is confirmed on the site by inscriptions in the Cypriot syllabary which alone in the Aegean world survived the Bronze Age collapse and continued to be used down to the 4th century BC.

A special burial ground for infants, a tophetAgelarakis A., “ The Amathous ( tophet ) cremations in Cyprus ”, In D. Christou on “ Human Cremations at the Western Necropolis of Amathous ” < Cremations in Bronze and Early Iron Age >, Proceedings of Int.

* The Greek Age of Bronze weapons and warfare

In Scandinavia the amber road probably gave rise to the thriving Nordic Bronze Age culture, bringing influences from the Mediterranean Sea to the northernmost countries of Europe.

There is little doubt that a Mycenaean megaron stood upon the hill during the late Bronze Age.

Near the location of the present train station, the ruins of a settlement from the Bronze Age ( about 1000 BC ) have been excavated.

Aegean civilization is a general term for the Bronze Age civilizations of Greece around the Aegean Sea.

Crete is associated with the Minoan civilization from the Early Bronze Age.

A map of Cyprus in the later Bronze Age ( such as is given by J. L. Myres and M. O. Richter in Catalogue of the Cyprus Museum ) shows more than 25 settlements in and about the Mesaorea district alone, of which one, that at Enkomi, near the site of Salamis, has yielded the richest Aegean treasure in precious metal found outside Mycenae.

Dating to the Greek Bronze Age ( 13th century BC ), it is one of the oldest arch bridges still in existence and use.

It is hard and brittle, and it was particularly significant in antiquity, so much so that the Bronze Age was named after the metal.

Though bronze is generally harder than wrought iron, with Vickers hardness of 60 – 258 vs. 30 – 80, the Bronze Age gave way to the Iron Age ; this happened because iron was easier to find and easier to process.

: A few examples of named Bronze Age cultures in Europe in roughly relative order.

Most ancient cultures have had conceptions of a flat Earth, including Greece until the classical period, the Bronze Age and Iron Age civilizations of the Near East until the Hellenistic period, India until the Gupta period ( early centuries AD ) and China until the 17th century.

Furthermore, archeological evidence in places like Los Millares and El Argar, both in the province of Almería, suggests developed cultures existed in the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula during the late Neolithic and the Bronze Age.

The Chalcolithic period began about 4500 BCE, then the Bronze Age began about 3500 BCE, replacing the Neolithic cultures.

The coastal regions of Finland were a part of the Nordic Bronze Culture, whereas in the inland regions the influences came from the bronze-using cultures of Northern and Eastern Russia.

Prehistoric Bronze Age cultures that extended onto Kazakh territory include the Srubna culture, the Afanasevo culture and the Andronovo culture.

During prehistoric times there was a succession of cultures that flourished in the land of present-day Moldova from the end of the Ice age up through the Neolithic Age, the Copper Age, the Bronze Age, and the beginning of the Iron Age, when historical records begin to be made about the people who lived in these lands.

The Chalcolithic period began about 4500 BC, then the Bronze Age began about 3500 BC, replacing the Neolithic cultures.

Archaeological evidence, based on the established chronology of Bronze Age Mediterranean cultures dates the eruption to around 1500 BC.

Short, one-handed spears featuring socketed metal heads were used in conjunction with a shield by the earliest Bronze Age cultures.

* 650 BC: A climate change affects all the Bronze Age cultures in Europe with colder and wetter climate, and tribes from the Scandinavian Nordic Bronze Age cultures are pushed downwards into the European continent.

In 1965 he completed his PhD thesis " Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of the Cyclades and their external relations " and in the same year married Jane M. Ewbank.

It also appears in the Bronze and Iron Age cultures around the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.

* 650 BC — A climate change affects all the Bronze Age cultures in Europe with colder and wetter climate, and tribes from the Scandinavian Nordic Bronze Age cultures are pushed downwards into the European continent.

The last two locations had their names applied to Bronze Age cultures — Schneckenberg ‘ Hill of the Snails ’ ( Early Bronze Age ) and Noua ' The New ’ ( Late Bronze Age ).

Marija Gimbutas () ( Vilnius, January 23, 1921 – Los Angeles, United States February 2, 1994 ), was a Lithuanian-American archeologist known for her research into the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of " Old Europe ", a term she introduced, and for her Kurgan hypothesis, the current most widely accepted of the Proto-Indo-European Urheimat hypotheses among scholars.

Paiste also use a secret Bronze alloy in their top-end cymbal ranged, thought to be B12 or B14, adding brightness without much compromise on strength

The earliest radiocarbon determinations obtained from key sites such as Oakbank in Loch Tay or Redcastle, Beauly Firth approach the Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age transition at their widest interpretation at 2 sigma or 95. 4 % probability, falling after c. 800BC and therefore could only be considered Late Bronze Age by the narrowest of margins.

The Bronze Age sees a shift of emphasis from the communal to the individual, and the rise to prominence of increasingly powerful elites, whose power was enshrined in the control of the flow of precious resources, to manipulate tin and copper into high-status bronze objects such as swords and axes, and their prowess as hunters and warriors.

In place of less easily available tin, arsenic was added to copper in the Bronze Age to harden it ; like the hatters, crazed by their exposure to mercury, who inspired Lewis Carroll's famous character of the Mad Hatter, most smiths of the Bronze Age would have suffered from chronic poisoning as a result of their livelihood.

The work of blacksmiths — developing implements and weapons — is hammered into shape, and, as a consequence, gradually departed from the stereotyped forms of their predecessors in bronze, which were cast, and the system of decoration, which in the Bronze Age consisted chiefly of a repetition of rectilinear patterns, gave way to a system of curvilinear and flowing designs.

Cadmium and Gold are used for plating surfaces which gives them good corrosion resistance and sliding properties, Lead, Tin, Zinc alloys and various Bronze alloys are used as sliding bearings, or their powder can be used to lubricate sliding surfaces alone, or as additives to greases.

At the end of this period a new landscape emerges: the northern Canaanite cities still existed, more or less intact, and became the Phoenicians ; the highlands behind the coastal plains, previously largely uninhabited, were rapidly filling with villages, largely Canaanite in their basic culture but without the Bronze Age city-state structure ; and along the southern coastal plain there are clear signs that a non-Canaanite people had taken over the former Canaanite cities while adopting almost all aspects of Canaanite culture.

Barred spears are known from the Bronze Age, but the first historical record of their use in Europe is found in the writings of Xenophon in the 5th century BC.

Prior to 2012, the two losers of the knock-out rounds would race for the Bronze Medal ; this change was instituted to encourage performance from all qualifying teams since all would have a chance to race for a medal depending on their performance.

The beginning of the four " astrological age s " of the historical period are marked with their zodiac symbol s: the Age of Taurus from the Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze Age, the Age of Aries from the Middle Bronze Age to Classical Antiquity, the Age of Pisces from Late Antiquity to the present, and the Age of Aquarius beginning in the mid 3rd millennium.

During the periods of the collapse of Akkadian Empire in Mesopotamia and the First Intermediary Period in Egypt, the Hyksos invasions and the end of the Middle Bronze Age in Assyria and Babylonia, and the Late Bronze Age collapse, trade through the Canaanite area would dwindle, as Egypt, Babylonia, and to a lesser degree Assyria, withdrew into their isolation.

Deforestation continued to the more remote areas as a warmer climate allowed the cultivation even of upland areas. alt = Map of Wales showing the names of Celtic British tribes in their territoriesBy 4000 BP people had begun to bury, or cremate their dead in individual cists, beneath a mound of earth known as a round barrow ; sometimes with a distinctive style of finely decorated pottery – like those at Llanharry ( discovered 1929 ) and at Llandaff ( 1991 ) – that gave rise to the Early Bronze Age being described as Beaker culture.

During the Bronze Age, people continued to use local caves as a source of shelter and for burying their dead.

The Nordic Bronze Age period in Denmark featured a culture which buried its dead, with their worldly goods, beneath burial mounds.

The study authors suggest that their data shows that between Bronze and Iron Ages, the constellation of populations known variously as Scythians, Andronovians, etc.