Anatole Paul Broyard ( July 16, 1920 – October 11, 1990 ) was an American writer, literary critic and editor for The New York Times.

Broyard was descended from pre-Civil War free people of color.

The first Broyard in Louisiana was a French colonist in the mid-eighteenth century.

Broyard was the second of three children ; he and his sister Lorraine, two years older, were light skinned with features that were more European.

When Broyard was a young child, his family joined the Great Migration during the Great Depression, moving from New Orleans to New York City, to go where his father thought there were more work opportunities They lived in a working-class and racially diverse community in Brooklyn.

By high school, the younger Broyard had become interested in artistic and cultural life ; his sister Shirley said he was unique in the family with these interests.

When he enlisted in the Army, the armed services were segregated ; Broyard was accepted as white, went to officers ' school, and was promoted to captain.

In 1984 Broyard was given a column in the Book Review, for which he also worked as an editor.

In 1961 at the age of 40, Broyard married again, to Alexandra ( Sandy ) Nelson, who was a modern dancer and a younger woman of Norwegian-American ancestry.

However, Roth stated in a 2008 interview that Broyard was not his source of inspiration.

The New York Times critic Anatole Broyard believed that John Gardner was underqualified to write Bond.

Novelist Nelson Algren argued that the novel was “ a memorable American comedy by an original storyteller .” Estimable reviews by such noted writers and literary critics as Anatole Broyard, Jerome Charyn, Guy Davenport, and Shelby Foote were followed by the Times Literary Supplement review which saw the novel as “ Faulknerian in its gentle wryness, and a freakish imaginative flair reminiscent of Flannery O ' Connor .” The influential profile writer and music journalist Stanley Booth observed that Suttree was “ probably the funniest and most unbearably sad of McCarthy ’ s books ... which seem to me unsurpassed in American literature .”

After his death, Broyard became the center of controversy and discussions related to how he had chosen to live as an adult in New York.

Broyard used the GI Bill to study at the New School for Social Research and settled in Greenwich Village, where he became part of its bohemian artistic and literary life.

During the 1940s, Broyard published stories in Modern Writing, Discovery, and New World Writing, three leading pocket-book format " little magazines ".

After the 1950s, Broyard taught creative writing at The New School, New York University, and Columbia University, in addition to his regular book reviewing.

For nearly fifteen years, Broyard wrote daily book reviews for the New York Times.

In 1996, six years after Broyard's death, Henry Louis Gates criticized Broyard for concealing his African-American ancestry in a profile entitled " White Like Me " in The New Yorker.

* " Anatole Broyard, 70, Book Critic and Editor at The Times, Is Dead ", The New York Times, Friday, October 12, 1990.

* Bliss Broyard, One Drop: My Father's Hidden Life -- A Story of Race and Family Secrets, New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2007.

* Review by Anatole Broyard, The New York Times, 13 June 1972

Having grown up in the French Quarter's Creole community, Broyard felt he had little in common with the blacks of Brooklyn.

Author Bliss Broyard meets the LA branch of her Creole family at Harold and Belle's in her book about her father One Drop: My Father's Hidden Life -- A Story of Race and Family Secrets.

When they were young adults, Sandy urged Broyard to tell them about his family ( and theirs ), but he never did.

Gates felt that Broyard had deceived friends and family by " passing " as white, but also understood his literary ambition.

* 1920 – Anatole Broyard, American critic and essayist ( d. 1990 )

* Anatole Broyard

In 1980, Anatole Broyard described Tropic of Cancer as " Mr. Miller's first and best novel ," showing " a flair for finding symbolism in unobtrusive places " and having " beautiful sentence.

As the writer and editor Brent Staples wrote in 2003, " Anatole Broyard wanted to be a writer -- and not just a ' Negro writer ' consigned to the back of the literary bus.

He expanded on this in " The Passing of Anatole Broyard ", an essay published the next year in his Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Black Man ( 1997 ).

* Anatole Broyard, " A Portrait of the Hipster ", Karakorak blog.

* Jim Burns, " Anatole Broyard ", Penniless Press, UK

* Anatole Broyard, author

" Although critics framed the issue of Broyard's identity as one of race, Broyard wanted equality and acceptance: he wanted neither to be talked down to nor to be looked up to, as either masked the true human being.

Broyard first married Aida Sanchez, a black Puerto Rican with whom he had a daughter Gala.

Broyard had some stories accepted for publication in the 1940s.

With money saved during the war, Broyard owned a bookstore for a time.

Stories of his were included in two anthologies of fiction widely associated with the Beat writers, but Broyard did not identify with them.

In the late 1970s, Broyard started publishing brief personal essays in the Times, which many people considered among his best work.

They divorced after Broyard returned from military service in World War II.

Heidenstam was born in 1859, of a prosperous family.

Sherlock Holmes, the ancestor of all private eyes, was born during the 1890s.

Henrietta was discovering in the process of writing, as the born writer does, not merely a channel for the discharge of accumulated information but a stimulus to the development of the creative powers of observation, insight and intuition.

She was born Lilian Steichen, her parents immigrants from Luxemburg.

`` My mother read a book right after I was born and there was a Lilian in the book she loved and I became Lilian -- and eventually I became Paula ''.

By now she was sure she was going to have a baby, deciding it would be born in India or Burma that November.

He was born in Savannah, Georgia, in 1909.

About the only time the Hetman seemed excited was when one of his own pet ideas was born.

On April 10, 1904, his first child was born, a son named George after the late Senator.

Modern warfare was born in this campaign -- periscopes, camouflage, booby traps, land mines, extended order, trench raids, foxholes, armored cars, night attacks, flares, sharpshooters in trees, interlaced vines and treetops, which were the forerunners of barbed wire, trip wires to thwart a cavalry charge, which presaged the mine trap, and the general use of anesthetics.

Deppy is Despina Messinesi, a long-time member of the Vogue staff who, although born in Boston, was born there of Greek parents.

Samuel Gorton was born at Gorton, England, near the present city of Manchester, about 1592.

Whether the Fathers, who died before Christ was born of the Virgin Mary, were justified and saved only by the blood which he shed, and the death which he suffered after his incarnation??

Whether the only price of our redemption were not the death of Christ on the cross, with the rest of his sufferings and obediences, in the time of his life here, after he was born of the Virgin Mary??

In the judgment of Chief of Staff Scott it was ironic that the draft policy of a Democratic President, aimed at Germany, had to be pushed through the House of Representatives by the ranking minority member of the Military Affairs Committee -- a Republican Jew born in Germany!!

Thus, the Church was born and because of its intrinsic character was soon identified as a conservative institution, determined to resist the forces of change, to identify itself with the political rulers, and to maintain a kind of splendid isolation from the masses.

And she replied, `` I was born in America, but I was conceived in Vienna ''.

I was born angry.

He kept his attacks on Republicanism for partisan campaigns, but that is part of the game he was born to play.