The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea describes the trading empire of Himyar and Saba, regrouped under a single ruler Charibael ( Karab Il Watar Yuhan ' em II ), who is said to have been on friendly terms with Rome:

He reorganized and reformed the churches around Rome, canonized Conrad of Constance, condemned the teaching of Peter de Bruis, confirmed the Bishop Thurston of York against the wishes of Henry I of England, and affirmed the freedom of York from the see of Canterbury.

At the beginning of the 7th century, there were probably twenty-five titular churches in Rome ; even granting that, perhaps, the compiler of the Liber Pontificalis referred this number to the time of Marcellus, there is still a clear historical tradition in support of his declaration that the ecclesiastical administration in Rome was reorganized by this pope after the great persecution.

During his term he arranged for the Via Flaminia to be built from Rome to Ariminum, established colonies at Cremona and Placentia, reorganized the Centuriate Assembly to give the poorer classes more voting power, and built the Circus Flaminius on the Campus Martius.

In 1929 it was reorganized into four raggruppamenti, but later in October 1936 it was reorganized into 14 zones controlling only 133 legions with two cohorts each, one of men 21 to 36 years old and the other of men up to 55 years old, plus special units in Rome, on Ponza Island and the black uniformed Moschettieri del Duce (" The Leader's Musketeers ", Mussolini's Guard ) and the Albanian Militia ( four legions ) and Colonial Militia in Africa ( seven legions ).

Because of the Lombard incursions, the Roman possessions had fragmented into several isolated territories, and in 580, Emperor Tiberius II reorganized them into five provinces, now termed in Greek, eparchies: the Annonaria in northern Italy around Ravenna, Calabria, Campania, Emilia and Liguria, and the Urbicaria around the city of Rome ( Urbs ).

His work at statecraft included the following: the slow pacification of party strife, nonetheless with republican opposition latent and episodically expressed ; his assumption of the title Imperator ( refusing the crown, yet continuing since 49 as dictator ), with reversion of the Senate to an advisory council, and the popular comitia as a compliant legislature, although law might be made by his edicts alone ; his assumption of authority over tax and treasury, over provincial governors, and over the capital ; supreme jurisdiction ( trial and appellate ) over the continuing republican legal system, with the judex being selected among senators or equites, yet criminal courts remained corrupted by factional infighting ; supreme command over the decayed Roman army, which was reorganized and which remained under civilian control ; reform of government finance, of budgeting re income and expense, and of corn distribution ; cultivation of civil peace in Rome by control of criminal " clubs ", by new city police, and by public building projects.

The fledgling railroad was reorganized as the Columbus and Rome Railroad in 1874 after laying only of track.

This lofty disregard for others was not shared by such men as Pierre Flotte and his associates, that `` brilliant group of mediocre men '', as Powicke calls them, who provided the brains for the French embassy that came to Rome under the nominal leadership of the archbishop of Narbonne, the duke of Burgundy, and the count of St.-Pol.

In the time of Augustus, who considered himself under the special protection of Apollo and was even said to be his son, his worship developed and he became one of the chief gods of Rome.

* 410 – The Visigoths under king Alaric I begin to pillage Rome.

After Rome became an Empire under Augustus, the nominal independence of Athens dissolved and its government converged to the normal type for a Roman municipality, with a Senate ( gerousia ) of decuriones.

Paul is sent by sea to Rome, where he spends another two years under house arrest, proclaiming the Kingdom of God and teaching the " Lord Jesus Christ " ().

In 116 AD, under Trajan, it was taken over by Rome as the Roman Province of Assyria.

By the 5th century AD, Rome was in decline and the Roman predecessor town of Alicante, known as Lucentum ( Latin ), was more or less under the control of the Visigothic warlord Theudimer.

Aegina passed with the rest of Greece under the successive domination of Macedon, the Aetolians, Attalus of Pergamum and Rome.

Athanasius went to Rome, where he was under the protection of Constans, the Emperor of the West.

Second exile: under Emperor Constantius, for 7. 5 years Apr 339 – 21 Oct 346 ; lived at Rome.

The city fell under Roman rule around 60 BC, its importance lying in the commerce of tin and lead towards Rome.

They initially were not part of the territory under direct Roman control, having voluntarily allied themselves to Rome following Claudius ' conquest of AD 43.

It took on the name of Konstantinoupolis (" city of Constantine ", Constantinople ) after its re-foundation under Roman emperor Constantine I, who designated it as his new Roman capital, the New Rome.

Even though Rome abandoned its Britannic provinces around 400 AD, the Germanic mercenarieswho had largely become instrumental in enforcing Roman rule in Britanniaacquired ownership of land there and continued to use a mixture of Roman and Teutonic Law, with much written down under the early Anglo-Saxon Kings.

Goldoni also wrote under the pen name and title " Polisseno Fegeio, Pastor Arcade ," which he claimed in his memoirs the " Arcadians of Rome " bestowed on him.

Rome carried forth Greek ideas of citizenship such as the principles of equality under the law, civic participation in government, and notions that " no one citizen should have too much power for too long ",.

Robert Adam's brother James was in Rome in 1762, drawing antiquities under the direction of Clérisseau ; he invented a British Order, of which his ink-and-wash rendering with red highlighting, is at the Avery Library, Columbia University.

A year later, at the age of 38, he died under mysterious circumstances in Porto Ercole, reportedly from a fever while on his way to Rome to receive a pardon.

The Western portion of the Empire, under the influence of the Popes in Rome leaned towards Catholicism and against Arianism, and through their intercession they convinced Constantine to free Athanasius, allowing him to return to Alexandria.

Indeed John Morris, the English historian who specialized in the study of the institutions of the Roman Empire and the history of Sub-Roman Britain, suggested in his book The Age of Arthur that as the descendants of Romanized Britons looked back to a golden age of peace and prosperity under Rome, the name " Camelot " of Arthurian legend may have referred to the capital of Britannia ( Camulodunum, modern Colchester ) in Roman times.

The conditions of the resulting Peace of Nisibis were heavy ; Armenia returned to Roman domination, with the fort of Ziatha as its border ; Caucasian Iberia would pay allegiance to Rome under a Roman appointee ; Nisibis, now under Roman rule, would become the sole conduit for trade between Persia and Rome ; and Rome would exercise control over the five satrapies between the Tigris and Armenia: Ingilene, Sophanene ( Sophene ), Arzanene ( Aghdznik ), Corduene ( Carduene ), and Zabdicene ( near modern Hakkâri, Turkey ).

By 100 Trajan was back in Rome as Emperor instead of merely being a Consul.

The city-state of Genoa, unlike ancient Rome, bestowed the title of Consul on various state officials, not necessarily restricted to the highest.

When the Consul Gaius Flaminius was killed during the disastrous Roman defeat at the Battle of Lake Trasimene, panic swept Rome.

In 255 and 257 he was made Consul again ; this perhaps indicates that he briefly visited Rome on those occasions, although no record has been left of it.

Even before news of the defeat at Ticinus had reached Rome, the Senate had ordered the Consul Sempronius Longus to bring his army back from Sicily to meet Scipio and face Hannibal.

They were mentioned by Julius Caesar in his treatise, The Gallic Wars, and by 391 BC, they were written about by Roman Consul, Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, who received seven of them, " canes Scotici ", as a gift to be used for fighting lions, bears, that in his words, " all Rome viewed with wonder ".

In 1861 Severn was appointed British Consul in Rome during the ferment over Italian unification.

This was the case throughout the majority of Severn's tenure as Consul, as Pope Pius IX managed to retain a fragile hold on power, relying on a garrison of French troops to control Rome.

* Noel Blakiston, " Joseph Severn, Consul in Rome, 1861-1871 ," History Today 18 ( May 1968 ): 326-336.

Trajan was nominated as Consul and brought Apollodorus of Damascus with him to Rome around 91.

In order to strengthen his title to both the Roman Empire and announce his position as the protector of Christendom, Otto III took for himself the titles " the Servant of Jesus Christ ," " the Servant of the Apostles ", " Consul of the Senate and People of Rome ," and " Emperor of the World ".

* Catilina's conspiracy and Cicero's actions as Consul figure prominently in the novel Caesar's Women by Colleen McCullough as a part of her Masters of Rome series.

* 97 BC – Father is Consul of Rome

* Consul Quintus Fabius Maximus, allied with the Aedui, defeated the Arverni and Allobroges in Transalpine Gaul, thus establishing the province for Rome.

Frustrated at the apparent lack of action, Metellus ' lieutenant Gaius Marius returned to Rome to seek election as Consul.

But, having attracted the notice of Lucius Valerius Flaccus, he was brought to Rome, and successively held the offices of Cursus Honorum: Military tribune ( 214 BC ), Quaestor ( 204 BC ), Aedile ( 199 BC ), Praetor ( 198 BC ), Consul ( 195 BC ) together with his old patron, and finally Censor ( 184 BC ).

After an interval spent in the pursuit of Antiochus and the pacification of Greece, Cato was sent to Rome by the Consul Glabrio to announce the successful outcome of the campaign, and he performed his journey with such celerity that he had started his report in the senate before the arrival of Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus, the later conqueror of Antiochus, who had been sent off from Greece a few days before him.

Sidonius had come to Rome to bring a petition from his people ; his contact in the court, Consul Caecina Decius Basilius, suggested that he should compose a panegyric to be performed at the beginning of Anthemius ' consulate, on January 1 468.

This brought Jugurtha into direct conflict with Rome, who sent troops under the Consul Lucius Calpurnius Bestia.

Frustrated at the apparent lack of action, Metellus ' lieutenant Marius returned to Rome to seek election as Consul.

* Consul, the highest magistracy of the Roman Republic with a one year term and one coequal officeholder ; the consul was the head of government within Rome and the automatic commander-in-chief of the army outside Rome

Lucullus was probably the Quaestor mentioned as the sole officer in Sulla's army who could stomach accompanying the Consul when he marched on Rome.

His eldest son, Tiberius Clodius Pupienus Pulcher Maximus, who was a Consul Suffectus c. 235 AD, and also a patron of the town of Tibur outside Rome.

The inscription states: " Marcus Vinucius ..., Consul 19 BC ... official titles, governor of Illyricum, the first general to advance across the river Danube, defeated in battle and routed an army of Dacians and Basternae, and subjugated the Cotini, Osi ,... tribal name and Anartii to the power of the emperor Augustus and of the people of Rome.