Operating as a one man police force in fact if not in name, he is at once more independent and more dedicated than the police themselves.

and independent silhouettes are apt to coincide with the recognizable contours of the subject from which a picture starts ( if it does start from a subject ).

The lawyer if called upon would be able to present independent and more detailed evidence to prove the facts set forth in his affidavit.

" A formal defection of this kind was then noted in the register of the person's baptism, an annotation that, like those of marriage or ordination, was independent of the fact of the baptism and was not an actual " debaptism ", even if the person who formally defected from the Catholic Church had also defected from the Christian religion.

Complaints against broadcasters, such as concerns around offensive programming, are dealt with by the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council ( CBSC ), an independent broadcast industry association, rather than by the CRTC, although CBSC decisions can be appealed to the CRTC if necessary.

An implication of model theory is that the properties defining a relation can be proved independent of each other ( and hence necessary parts of the definition ) if and only if, for each property, examples can be found of relations not satisfying the given property while satisfying all the other properties.

This uniqueness proof will only work if one supposes that the positiveness of a property is independent of the object to which it is applied, a claim which some have considered to be suspect.

The Gambler's fallacy, also known as the Monte Carlo fallacy ( because its most famous example happened in a Monte Carlo Casino in 1913 ), and also referred to as the fallacy of the maturity of chances, is the belief that if deviations from expected behaviour are observed in repeated independent trials of some random process, future deviations in the opposite direction are then more likely.

These simple formulas will not do if the input values are not equally likely, or are not independent.

In particular, if H is independent of time, then

This implies that if and are independent, then their joint entropy is the sum of their individual entropies.

Adams also predicted the Union's dissolution over the slavery issue, but said that if the South became independent there would be a series of bloody slave revolts.

More generally, if X < sub > 1 </ sub >, ..., X < sub > n </ sub > are independent random variables, not necessarily identically distributed, but all having the same variance, then

Falsum in uno, falsum in omnibus status as a logical fallacy is independent of whether it is wise or unwise to use as a legal rule, with witnesses testifying in courts being held for perjury if part of their statements are false.

They cited the successes of the newly formed ( 15 January 1918 ) voluntary Red Army against Polish forces of Gen. Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki in Belarus, White forces in the Don region, and newly independent Ukrainian forces as proof that the Red Army could repel German forces, especially if propaganda and asymmetrical warfare were used.

The conditionality principle says that if an experiment is chosen by a random process independent of the states of nature, then only the experiment actually performed is relevant to inferences about.

This pass may also be omitted if the executable is a position independent executable.

Since the 1970s the city has also been home to a rich, if fluctuating, array of independent theatre groups and some show / musical companies.

In 2002, a new treaty between France and Monaco clarifies that if there are no heirs to carry on the dynasty, the Principality will remain an independent nation, rather than be annexed by France.

Therefore, when a merger with a controlling stockholder was: 1 ) negotiated and approved by a special committee of independent directors ; and 2 ) conditioned on an affirmative vote of a majority of the minority stockholders, the business judgment standard of review should presumptively apply, and any plaintiff ought to have to plead particularized facts that, if true, support an inference that, despite the facially fair process, the merger was tainted because of fiduciary wrongdoing .″

This law, which is a consequence of the axioms of probability, says that if ( for example ) a coin is tossed repeatedly many times, in such a way that its probability of landing heads is the same on each toss, and the outcomes are probabilistically independent, then the relative frequency of heads will be close to the probability of heads on each single toss.

The basic rules of probabilities that will be used are that a ) if an event can happen in a variety of different ways then its probability is the sum of the probabilities of the possible ways and b ) if a process involves a number of independent subprocesses then its probability is the product of the component probabilities.

Now, for distinct primes, these divisibility events are mutually independent because the candidate divisors are coprime ( a number is divisible by coprime divisors n and m if and only if it is divisible by nm, an event which occurs with probability 1 /( nm ).

:... since they are without sense and reason and can no more commit a tort or a felony than a brute animal, since they are not far removed from brutes, as is evident in the case of a minor, for if he should kill another while under age he would not suffer judgment.

For example, if A committed a tort in State X.

In tort law, if a defendant commits a series of illegal acts against another person, or, in criminal law, if someone commits a continuing crime ( like molesting a child over a long period of time, which can be charged as a single offense ), the period of limitation may begin to run from the last act in the series.

In sharia law, murder and injury is seen as a tort, and the victim could either forgive the perpetrator or have him / her punished with the same injury / death inflicted ( eye for an eye ) if it was intentionally committed.

However, if a tort is intentionally committed or a contract is intentionally breached, such intent may increase the scope of liability as well as the measure of damages payable to the plaintiff.

" The same goes for tortfeasors in tort law, if one needs to prove a high level of mens rea to obtain punitive damages.

There is more likely to be liability in tort if the partnership benefited by receiving fee income for the work negligently performed, even if only as an aspect of the standard provisions of vicarious liability.

In contrast, if all that can be said about the defendant's state of mind is that he should have known better, he will not be liable for an intentional tort.

Generally, any intent to cause any one of these five torts which results in the completion of any of the five tortious acts will be considered an intentional act, even if the actual target of the tort is one other than the intended target of the original tort.

Generally, any intent to cause any one of these five torts which results in the completion of any of the five tortious acts will be considered an intentional act, even if the actual target of the tort is one other than the intended target of the original tort.

Some of the original theory behind this tort was based on the idea that a woman would be more likely to give up her virginity to a man if she had his promise to marry her.

The tort system acts as if, before the injury or damage, a contract had been made between the parties under the assumption that a rational, cost-minimizing individual will not spend money on taking precautions if those precautions are more expensive than the costs of the harm that they prevent.

However, some courts subsequently limited tort claims for electronic trespasses, in that a complaining party may be unable to recover for lack of real harm if the party did not suffer any tangible damage to their property.

* Calculus of negligence, a legal standard in U. S. tort law to determine if a duty of care has been breached

Although privacy is often a common-law tort, most states have enacted statutes that prohibit the use of a person ’ s name or image if used without consent for the commercial benefit of another person.

For example, if a landowner polluted the land of the neighbor, the common law tort of nuisance would only allow the innocent party to recover damages.

Bolton v. Stone AC 850, 1 All ER 1078 is a leading House of Lords case in the tort of negligence, establishing that a defendant is not negligent if the damage to the plaintiff was not a reasonably foreseeable consequence of his conduct.

The New York state provision, a " tort reform " measure, allowed reviewing appellate courts to overturn a jury verdict if it " deviates materially from what would be reasonable compensation.