The active sponsor of Jefferson's measure for religious liberty in Virginia, Madison played the most influential single role in the drafting of the Constitution and in securing its ratification in Virginia, founded the first political party in American history, and, as Jefferson's Secretary of State and his successor in the Presidency, guided the nation through the troubled years of our second war with Britain.

John Adams asserted in the Continental Congress' Declaration of Rights that the demands of the colonies were in accordance with their charters, the British Constitution and the common law, and Jefferson appealed in the Declaration of Independence `` to the tribunal of the world '' for support of a revolution justified by `` the laws of nature and of nature's God ''.

The Constitution of the Southern `` Confederation '' differed from that of the Federal Union only in two important respects: It openly, defiantly, recognized slavery -- an institution which the Southerners of 1787, even though they continued it, found so impossible to reconcile with freedom that they carefully avoided mentioning the word in the Federal Constitution.

They recognized that slavery was a moral issue and not merely an economic interest, and that to recognize it explicitly in their Constitution would be in explosive contradiction to the concept of sovereignty they had set forth in the Declaration of 1776 that `` all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among them are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

Within an easy walk from Capitol Hill where Pennsylvania Avenue comes together with Constitution Avenue, begins a series of great federal buildings, some a block long and all about seven-stories high.

The right to file an appeal can also vary from state to state ; for example, the New Jersey Constitution vests judicial power in a Supreme Court, a Superior Court, and other courts of limited jurisdiction, with an appellate court being part of the Superior Court.

On March 4, 1789, the Articles were replaced with the U. S. Constitution.

The new Constitution provided for a much stronger national government with a chief executive ( the president ), courts, and taxing powers.

In 1788, with the approval of Congress, the Articles were replaced by the United States Constitution and the new government began operations in 1789.

The slavery issue was primarily about whether the system of slavery was an anachronistic evil that was incompatible with Republicanism in the United States, or a state system protected by the Constitution.

Pausanias, the second king of Sparta ( see Spartan Constitution for more information on Sparta's dual monarchy ), was supposed to provide Lysander with reinforcements as they marched into Boeotia, yet failed to arrive in time to assist Lysander, likely because Pausanias disliked him for his brash and arrogant attitude towards the Spartan royalty and government.

In his first speech in Nashville, Johnson declared he had come back home with an olive branch in one hand and the Constitution in the other.

He was buried just outside Greeneville – with his body wrapped in an American flag and a copy of the U. S. Constitution placed under his head, according to his wishes.

The Australian Constitution, as was noted during the crisis of 1936, contains no power for the federal parliament to legislate with respect to the monarchy.

Second, it is " merely an interpretative provision ", operating to ensure that references to " the Queen " in the Constitution are references to whoever may at the time be the incumbent of the " sovereignty of the United Kingdom " as determined with regard to Australia, following the Australia Act 1986, by Australian law.

Or, third, it incorporates the United Kingdom rules of succession into the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, which itself can now be altered only by Australia, according to the Australia Act 1986 ; in that way, the British rules of succession have been patriated to Australia and, with regard to Australia, are subject to amendment or repeal solely by Australian law.

Because the United States Constitution sets no limits on this tripartite authority of administrative agencies, Congress enacted the APA to establish fair administrative law procedures to comply with the constitutional requirements of due process.

This is provided for in Article II of the Constitution, which states that the President " shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint ... Judges of the supreme Court.

* Constitution of 1946 – in October, 1945, with the II World War over, a civil-military coup ousted dictatorial Getúlio Vargas, an Assembly wrote a democratic constitution.

Brazil's international relations are based on article 4 of the Federal Constitution, which establishes non-intervention, self-determination, international cooperation and the peaceful settlement of conflicts as the guiding principles of Brazil's relationship with other countries and multilateral organizations.

According to the Constitution, the President has ultimate authority over foreign policy, while Congress is tasked with reviewing and considering all diplomatic nominations and international treaties, as well as legislation relating to Brazilian foreign policy.

After producing a Vindication of the English Constitution, and some political pamphlets, Disraeli followed up Vivian Grey with a series of novels, The Young Duke ( 1831 ), Contarini Fleming ( 1832 ), Alroy ( 1833 ), Venetia and Henrietta Temple ( 1837 ).

Therefore hit points ( which increase with experience in D & D ) were based on the average of Size and Constitution and were functionally static for the life of the character.

The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world, containing 444 articles, 12 schedules and 94 amendments, with 117, 369 words in its English language version, while the United States Constitution is the shortest written constitution, at 7 articles and 27 amendments.

The champions of the Union maintained that the Constitution had formed, fundamentally, the united people of America, that it was a compact among sovereign citizens rather than states, and that therefore the states had no right to secede, though the citizens could.

But though each of its members had asserted this right against the Union, the final Constitution which the Confederacy signed on March 11 -- nearly a month before hostilities began -- included no explicit provision authorizing a state to secede.

Their President, Jefferson Davis, interpreted their Constitution to mean that it `` admits of no coerced association '', but this remained so doubtful that `` there were frequent demands that the right to secede be put into the Constitution ''.

Though his election was interpreted by many Southerners as the forerunner of a dangerous shift in the federal balance in favor of the Union, Lincoln himself proposed no such change in the rights the Constitution gave the states.

The American Constitution was historic at this point in providing that `` Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ''.

In March 1857, the Supreme Court issued its decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford ; Chief Justice Roger B. Taney opined that blacks were not citizens, and derived no rights from the Constitution.

" Johnson said it was an invasion by federal authority of the rights of the states, it had no warrant in the Constitution and was contrary to all precedents.

Although English has no official status in the Constitution, Australian English is Australia's de facto official language and is the first language of the majority of the population.

An attempt by the French government to incorporate the independent Breton-language immersion schools ( called Diwan ) into the state education system was blocked by the French Constitutional Council on the grounds that, as the 1992 amendment to the Constitution of the 5th Republic states that French is the language of the Republic, no other language may be used as a language of instruction in state schools.

To consider but one example, the First Amendment to the United States Constitution states " Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof "— but interpretation ( that is, determining the fine boundaries, and resolving the tension between the " establishment " and " free exercise " clauses ) of each of the important terms was delegated by Article III of the Constitution to the judicial branch, so that the current legal boundaries of the Constitutional text can only be determined by consulting the common law.

Before 1938, the federal courts, like almost all other common law courts, decided the law on any issue where the relevant legislature ( either the U. S. Congress or state legislature, depending on the issue ), had not acted, by looking to courts in the same system, that is, other federal courts, even on issues of state law, and even where there was no express grant of authority from Congress or the Constitution.

In the kind of constitutional monarchy established under the Constitution of the German Empire which Bismarck inspired, the Kaiser retained considerable actual executive power, and the Prime Minister needed no parliamentary vote of confidence and ruled solely by the imperial mandate.

Enshrined in the Constitution, this model was developed to ensure that no area of the country is able to exert undue influence in the Senate.

* 1824 – United States presidential election, 1824: Since no candidate received a majority of the total electoral college votes in the election, the United States House of Representatives is given the task of deciding the winner in accordance with the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

The DPP supported reform of the Constitution that would make it official that Taiwan's national government represented only the people of Taiwan and made no claims to territory in mainland China or Mongolia.

Out of the assembly ’ s 454 deputies, 444 are directly elected while no more than 10 may be appointed by the President ( article 87 of the Constitution ).

In 1975, the Queen, through her Private Secretary, wrote that she " has no part in the decisions which the Governor-General must take in accordance with the Constitution ".

Some states have fixed term legislatures, with no option of bringing forward elections ( e. g. Article II, Section 3, of the U. S. Constitution ).

Thus, if there is no alternate rationale for prosecuting some people more harshly for the same crime based on who the victim is, then different defendants are treated unequally under the law, which violates the United States Constitution.

In Brazil, according to the 1988 Brazilian Constitution, racism and other forms of race-related hate speech are " imprescriptible crime ( s ) with no right to bail to its accused ".

" Uncle Joe ", as he was known, often clashed with fellow Republican Theodore Roosevelt, who Cannon remarked had " no more use for the Constitution than a tomcat has for a marriage license ".