Then they moved offices of the East German puppet government into East Berlin and began illegally to treat it as the capital of East Germany.

* 1918 – World War I: The Flight over Vienna mission, when a dozen Italian Servizio Aeronautico single-engined military aircraft drop leaflets over the main capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, demanding that both Austrian hostilities against Italy be ended, and for Austria to end its alliance with the German Empire.

German reunification in 1990 made Berlin the nominal capital of Germany again.

First documented in the 13th century, Berlin was the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701 – 1918 ), the German Empire ( 1871 – 1918 ), the Weimar Republic ( 1919 – 1933 ) and the Third Reich ( 1933 – 1945 ).

After World War II, the city became divided into East Berlin — the capital of East Germany — and West Berlin, a West German exclave surrounded by the Berlin Wall ( 1961 – 1989 ).

Following German reunification in 1990, the city regained its status as the capital of Germany, hosting 147 foreign embassies.

His successor, Frederick II Irontooth, established Berlin as capital of the margraviate, and subsequent members of the Hohenzollern family ruled until 1918 in Berlin, first as electors of Brandenburg, then as kings of Prussia, and eventually as German emperors.

Berlin became the capital of the German Empire in 1871 and expanded rapidly in the following years.

In 1871, Berlin became capital of the newly founded German Empire.

West Berlin was surrounded by East German territory and East Germany proclaimed East Berlin ( described as " Berlin ") as its capital, a move that was not recognized by the western powers.

On 3 October 1990, the two parts of Germany were reunified as the Federal Republic of Germany, and Berlin again became the official German capital.

In June 1991, the German Parliament, the Bundestag, voted to move the seat of the ( West ) German capital back from Bonn to Berlin, which was completed in 1999.

While previously held elsewhere within or near the capital city, since 1918 it has been held on the Champs-Élysées, with the evident agreement of the Allies as represented in the Versailles Peace Conference, and with the exception of the period of German occupation from 1940 to 1944.

It argues that " Western powers " aided Nazi rearmament and aggression, including that American bankers and industrialists provided capital for the growth of German war industries, while deliberately encouraging Hitler to expand eastward.

They were nicknamed Hundemarken ( the German equivalent of " dog tags ") and compared to a similar identification system instituted for dogs in the Prussian capital city of Berlin at about the same time.

An attack on the Dacian capital Sarmizegetusa was forestalled however, when new troubles arose on the German frontier in 89.

Over 80 British destroyers and 60 German torpedo-boats took part in the Battle of Jutland, which involved pitched small-boat actions between the main fleets, and several foolhardy attacks by unsupported destroyers on capital ships.

The East German government referred to East Berlin simply as " Berlin " or often " Berlin, Hauptstadt der DDR " ( Berlin, capital of the GDR ).

* 1945 – World War II: On the first day of the bombing of Dresden, the British Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Forces begin fire-bombing Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony.

Schmidt was born in Pozsony ( known in German as Pressburg ), in the Hungarian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire ( the city is now Bratislava, capital of Slovakia ).

The celebrations are hosted habitually in the state capital of the German state presiding over the Bundesrat in the respective year:

The German Democratic Republic ( GDR ; German: Deutsche Demokratische Republik or DDR ), informally known as East Germany ( German: Ostdeutschland ), was a socialist state established by the Soviet Union in 1949 out of the Soviet zone of occupied Germany, including East Berlin of the Allied-occupied capital city.

Nearly 3, 700 Allied ships were sunk at a cost of 783 German U-boats.

In April 1917, when German U-boats were sinking many British ships with torpedoes, the marine artist Norman Wilkinson devised dazzle camouflage, which paradoxically made ships more visible but harder to target.

He is best remembered today for his comment that " There seems to be something wrong with our bloody ships today " at Jutland, where three of his battlecruisers exploded and sank under German fire exacerbated by dangerous ammunition handling techniques and unsafe propellant.

An attempt was therefore made to send more troops from Tientsin, where British ships had been joined by French, German, Russian, Austrian, Italian and Japanese.

The Royal Navy could much more readily replace its losses with ships already under construction, while the engagement ended with the German fleet retreating as fast as possible from the British.

* Failing to engage the German battlecruiser squadron with all his ships, thus throwing away a two to one numerical superiority and instead fighting one-to-one.

At the point the German ships opened fire with accurately determined ranges for their guns, Beatty's ships were still maneuvering, some could not see the enemy because of their own smoke, and hardly any had the opportunity of a period of steady course as they approached to properly determine target range.

As a result the German ships had a significant advantage in early hits, with obvious benefit.

During this time he also lost the potential advantage of the larger guns on his ships: they could commence firing at a longer range than the German ships.

* Failing in his role as fast armoured scout to report to Jellicoe the exact position of the German ships he encountered, or to keep in contact with the German fleet while he retreated to the main British Grand Fleet.

Defenders of Jellicoe argued that he did no more than protect the body of his fleet, which outnumbered the German ships while steadily pressing the attack.

In Germany, Beatty had ruined his reputation when he told the crews of his ships that were receiving the German High Seas Fleet for its internment at Scapa Flow, " Don't forget that the enemy is a despicable beast ," and arranged the surrender of the German Fleet as a grand spectacle of humiliation.

The German company SkySails has developed ship-pulling kites as a supplemental power source for cargo ships, first tested in January 2008 on the ship MS Beluga Skysails.

In total, there are about 67 commissioned ships in the German Navy, including 4 submarines and 21 auxiliary ships.

This agreement made the Ark Project responsible for the strategic sealift of German armed forces where the full-time charter of three roll-on-roll-off cargo and troop ships are ready for deployments.

After the end of the war in June 1919 the German fleet interned in Scapa Flow was scuttled by its crews, to avoid its ships being taken over by the victorious allies.

His handling of the fleet at that battle was controversial: he made no serious mistakes and the German High Seas Fleet retreated to port – at a time when defeat would have been catastrophic for Britain – but at the time the public were disappointed that he had lost more ships ( mainly due to dangerous ammunition-handling procedures on British battlecruisers ) and had not won a victory as crushing as Trafalgar.

At this time, the German Abwehr was active in Spain, particularly around the British naval base of Gibraltar, which its agents hoped to watch with cameras and radar to track Allied supply ships in the Western Mediterranean.

He was disturbed by what had happened on the dive and by what he remembered of a conversation he had had the night before with the German, who had come out of the head while he was fixing himself a drink in the galley.

`` Thank you '', the German had said courteously.

He had presented the first German performances of Puccini's Manon Lescaut and De Falla's La Vida Breve.

During the 1920's the Abstractionists, the German Bauhaus group of industrial designers, and the new architects all had the dream of some well ordered utopia, or welfare state, in which their neat and logical constructions might find their proper place.

At Stettin the university-educated artist, who had studied German, was chosen to serve as interpreter and clerk in the office of the Stalag commander.

But both were high-spirited and vivacious, both had tempers to control, both loved languages, especially English and German, both were good teachers and wrote for publication.

Victor Berger, the panjandrum of Wisconsin Socialism and member of Congress, had asked Paula Steichen to translate some of his German editorials into English.

The moving of millions of the German master-race, from the very heart of Junkerdom, to make room for the Polish Slavs whom they had enslaved and openly planned to exterminate was a drastic operation, but there was little doubt that it was historically justified.

The injured German veteran was a former miner, twenty-four years old, who had been wounded by shrapnel in the back of the head.

It was getting on toward 7 o'clock and the German Me-210 plane had been and gone on its eighth straight visit.

He knew that German long-range bombers had been returning to the attack in Italy.

In other words, the promulgators of the murder plan made clear that physically exterminating the Jews was but an extension of the anti-Semitic measures already operating in every phase of German life, and that the new conspiracy counted on the general anti-Semitism that had made those measures effective, as a readiness for murder.

Since the magnitude of the plan made secrecy impossible, once the wheels had began to turn, persons controlling German industries, social institutions, and armed forces became, through their anti-Semitism or their tolerance of it, conscious accomplices of Hitler's crimes ; ;

Influenced by the German tradition, Boas argued that the world was full of distinct cultures, rather than societies whose evolution could be measured by how much or how little " civilization " they had.

* 1914 – World War I: First Battle of the Atlantic – two days after the United Kingdom had declared war on Germany over the German invasion of Belgium, ten German U-boats leave their base in Heligoland to attack Royal Navy warships in the North Sea.

German historian Ernst Kornemann has had it in his Römische Geschichte vols., ed.

Ariovistus had become involved in an invasion of Gaul, which the German wished to settle.

The projected union initially aroused great opposition: he did not consult with his father, who had been on vacation in Karlovy Vary and making arrangements to secure the hand of a German princess for his son, or his Prime Minister Dr. Vladan Đorđević, who was visiting the Paris Universal Exhibition at the time of the announcement.

The following year he was called to face German invaders in Gaul, who had breached the Rhine frontier in several places, destroying forts and over-running the countryside.

* 1983 – The German magazine Der Stern claims that the " Hitler Diaries " had been found in wreckage in East Germany ; the diaries are subsequently revealed to be forgeries.

" It is highly probable that the correct information about the sulphonamide did not reach the newspapers because, since the original sulphonamide antibacterial, Prontosil, had been a discovery by the German laboratory Bayer, and as Britain was at war with Germany at the time, it was thought better to raise British morale by associating Churchill's cure with the British discovery, penicillin.