By 1503, Uri, Nidwalden and Schwyz jointly controlled the bailiwicks of Blenio, Bellinzona and Riviera.

By the middle of Henry's reign, the problems of the royal succession, which seemed so unimportant in 1503, acquired ever bigger dimensions, when the question of Tudor fertility — or the lack thereof — entered directly into the political arena.

By 1503, Louis, having been defeated at the Battle of Cerignola and Battle of the Garigliano, was forced to withdraw from Naples, which was left under the control of the Spanish viceroy, Ramon de Cardona.

By fall, 443 survivors of this arduous journey were clustered about Fort Snelling, but most of them were sent on to Galena and St. Louis, with a few going as far as Vevay, Indiana, a notable Swiss center in the United States.

By the 13 June, the Imperial Field Commander, Prince Louis of Baden, had joined them in Großheppach.

By the mid-20th century, François Louis Ganshof's Feudalism, 3rd ed.

By that time, planters outnumbered buccaneers and, with the encouragement of Louis XIV, they had begun to grow tobacco, indigo, cotton, and cacao on the fertile northern plain, thus prompting the importation of African slaves.

By mid-1860, he was playing in such cities as New York ; Boston ; Chicago ; Cleveland ; St. Louis ; Columbus, Georgia ; Montgomery, Alabama ; and New Orleans.

By a final placitum issued there, Louis gave Bavaria to Louis the German and disinherited Pepin II, leaving the entire remainder of the empire to be divided roughly into an eastern part and a western.

By the All-Star Break, the Brewers were in 2nd place in the division, behind Pittsburgh and St. Louis.

By the beginning of 1384, Mary was engaged to Louis of France, who had been destined to marry her older sister Catherine and whose uncle was the Duke of Anjou.

By September 2007 the North Pole had been visited 66 times by different surface ships: 54 times by Soviet and Russian icebreakers, 4 times by Swedish Oden, 3 times by German RV Polarstern, 3 times by USCGC Healy and USCGC Polar Sea, and once by CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent and by Norwegian Vidar Viking.

By the end of his pontificate, Honorius had ended the conflict between Louis and his bishops.

By the time the Antipope Christopher ( 903 – 904 ) seized the chair of Saint Peter by force, circumstances had changed at Rome, with the rise of the magister militum Theophylact, Count of Tusculum, who had been stationed at Rome by the retreating emperor Louis the Blind in 902.

By 1855, Joseph's son, Louis, and his brother-in-law, Claudius Prat, were producing Noilly Prat dry vermouth in Marseillan, Hérault.

By 1785, Rococo had passed out of fashion in France, replaced by the order and seriousness of Neoclassical artists like Jacques Louis David.

By the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Frederick V's son, Charles Louis was restored to the Lower Palatinate, and given a new electoral title, also called " Elector Palatine ", but lower in precedence than the other electorates.

By deferring to France, Baldwin II was not submitting Jerusalem to the suzerainty of France, rather was placing the moral guardianship of the Outremer with the West for its survival, reminding Louis VI that the Outremer was, to some extent, Frankish lands.

By 1960 a St. Louis, Missouri, HVAC company, Albert Arno, Inc., trademarked the name " Ductape " for their " flame-resistant " duct tape, capable of holding together at 350 – 400 ° F ( 175 – 200 ° C ).

By the end of the 19th century, some French organists ( e. g., Charles-Marie Widor and his students Charles Tournemire and Louis Vierne ) named some of their organ compositions symphony: Their instruments ( many built by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll ) allowed an orchestral approach ( Kaye 2001 ; Smith 2001 ; Thomson 2001 ).

By Karl Bodmer, aquatint made at Saint Louis, Missouri in March or April 1833 when Massika pleaded for the release of Chief Blackhawk following the Black Hawk War.

By an ordinance of Louis Philippe I of France of 13 August 1830, it was decided that the king's children ( and his sister ) would continue to bear the arms of Orléans, that Louis-Philippe's eldest son, as Prince Royal, would bear the title of duc d ' Orléans, that the younger sons would continue to have their existing titles, and that the sister and daughters of the king would only be styled " princesses d ' Orléans ", which meant the Orléans royalty did not take the name " of France ".

By the end of the Napoleonic Wars, France no longer held the role of the dominant power in Europe, as it had since the times of Louis XIV.

By Spring 1646, his father was losing the war, and Charles left England due to fears for his safety, going first to the Isles of Scilly, then to Jersey, and finally to France, where his mother was already living in exile and his first cousin, eight-year-old Louis XIV, was king.

By 1678, Louis sought peace with the Dutch Republic.

* French — Burguet, Paul Henry: The Imprint, or The Red Hand ( 1908 ; Gaston Séverin plays Pierrot ); Carné, Marcel: Children of Paradise ( 1945 ; see above under The Pantomime of Deburau at the Théâtre des Funambules ); Carré fils, Michel: The Prodigal Son a. k. a. Pierrot the Prodigal ( 1907 ; the first feature-length film and the first film of a stage-play Carré's pantomime of 1890 ; George Wague plays Pierrot père ); Feuillade, Louis: Pierrot's Projector ( 1909 ), Pierrot, Pierrette ( 1924 ); Guitry, Sacha: Deburau ( 1951 ; based upon Guitry's own stage-play # Plays, playlets, pantomimes, and revues | Plays, playlets, pantomimes, and revues above ); Guy, Alice: Pierrot, Murderer ( 1904 ); Leprince, René: Pierrot Loves Roses ( 1910 ); Méliès, Georges: By Moonlight, or The Unfortunate Pierrot ( 1904 ).

By the Treaty of Vienna ( November 1738 ), Stanisław was compensated for the loss of his Polish throne with the duchy of Lorraine, which would eventually pass to King Louis as his son-in-law, while Duke Francis III of Lorraine was made heir to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany as compensation for the loss of Lorraine.

By the same means he perceives this fact as having communicated itself to the audience ; ;

By the time Felix turned up it was early afternoon, which, one would think, would be late enough so that by then, except for small children and a few hardy souls who had not yet sobered up, it could have been expected that people would no longer be having any sort of active interest in the previous night's noisemakers and paper hats.

By having three stations, a total of three different cars can be operated on at the same time, each one at a different stage of its assembly.

By having separate units, it was possible to operate on more than one floating point instruction at once.

By contrast, Tom Wolfe's Bonfire of the Vanities ( 1987 ) portrays a wealthy, white protagonist, Sherman McCoy, getting lost off the Major Deegan Expressway in the South Bronx and having an altercation with locals.

" By 24 July his fleet was resupplied and, having determined that the French must be somewhere in the Eastern Mediterranean, Nelson sailed again in the direction of Morea.

By having two different temporal positive feedback loops or “ dual-time switches ” allows for ( a ) increased regulation: two switches that have independent changeable activation and deactivation times ; and ( b ) linked feedback loops on multiple timescales can filter noise.

By 1860, Cuba was devoted to growing sugar, having to import all other necessary goods.

By 1951, the Attlee government was looking increasingly exhausted, with several of its most important ministers ailing or having died.

By being the " calm center " around which the kingdom turns, the king allows everything to function smoothly and avoids having to tamper with the individual parts of the whole.

By the same construction, every locally compact Hausdorff space X is a dense subspace of a compact Hausdorff space having at most one point more than X ..

" By assuming the mantle of the legitimate dynasty, the ethnic groups that established such non-Han dynasties are thus regarded as having forfeited their right to remain politically distinct from China.

By demanding that leaders of the Church be a one woman man, Paul excluded remarried widowers from having influence.

By Part II, people know about him through " having read his adventures ", and so, he needs to do less to maintain his image.

By the afternoon of 20 December Vitellius was dead, his armies having been defeated by the Flavian legions.

By his account, upon having been told by friends and relatives that they had prayed for him, he resisted the urge to ask them, " Did you also sacrifice a goat?

By now having become a locally known comics collector and cartoonist, Rosa accepted an offer from the editor of the local newspaper to create a weekly comic strip.

By the end of October, Allen was again off New York, where the British, having secured the city, moved the prisoners on-shore, and, as he was considered an officer, gave Allen limited parole.

By historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part.

By the mid-20th century eugenics had fallen into disfavor, having become associated with Nazi-Germany.

By examining the brains of deceased individuals having acquired expressive aphasia in life, he concluded that language ability is localized in the ventroposterior region of the frontal lobe.

By the time of the Byzantine Iconoclasm several centuries later, Eusebius had unfairly gained the reputation of having been an Arian, and was roundly condemned as such by Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople.

By this time, equids were more truly horse-like, having developed the typical body shape of the modern animals.

By 1906 Shepard had become a successful illustrator, having produced work for illustrated editions of Aesop's Fables, David Copperfield, and Tom Brown's Schooldays, as well as an illustration for Punch.

By the mid-twenties the British film industry was losing out to heavy competition from Hollywood, the latter helped by having a much larger home market-in 1914 25 % of films shown in the UK were British, but by 1926 this had fallen to 5 %.