By 1900, he was a world-renowned artist.

By 1900 the advertising agency had become the focal point of creative planning, and advertising was firmly established as a profession.

By 1900, the family was farming southeast of Streetman, Texas, and Lemon Jefferson's birth date is indicated as September 1893 in the 1900 census.

By 1900, most of the industrializing nations were on some form of gold standard, with paper notes and silver coins constituting the circulating medium.

By 1900 the demand for Beaux's work brought clients from Washington, D. C., to Boston, prompting the artist to move to New York City ; it was there she spent the winters, while summering at Green Alley, the home and studio she had built in Gloucester, Massachusetts.

By 1900, administrative control was transferred to New Zealand ; in 1965 residents chose self-government in free association with New Zealand.

By 1850 the German states were catching up, and by 1900 Germany was a world leader in industrialization, along with Britain and the United States.

By 1900, he had acquired land and built a villa on the lake, now known as the " Villa Museo Puccini.

By 1900 Germany was a world leader in industrialization, along with Britain and the United States.

By 1900 Scotland had 3500 miles of railway ; their main economic contribution was moving supplies in and product out for heavy industry, especially coal-mining.

By 1900 the situation had improved somewhat, but 44 % of black people remained illiterate.

By about 1900 one finds managers trying to place their theories on what they regarded as a thoroughly scientific basis ( see scientism for perceived limitations of this belief ).

By 1900, two primary types of mimeographs had come into use: a single-drum machine and a dual drum machine.

By 1900, seventy-nine people owned half of the country's land.

By 1900, slaves comprised up to one-third of Ethiopia's population.

By the Imperial Session held in Washington, D. C. in 1900, there were 55, 000 members and 82 Temples.

By 1900, hand-held cameras were available.

By 1900, restaurants serving Chinese cuisine from Canton and Shanghai offered a simple ramen dish of noodles ( cut rather than hand pulled ), a few toppings, and a broth flavored with salt and pork bones.

By 1900, Wiesbaden, with a population of 86, 100, hosted 126, 000 visitors annually.

By January 1900 this would become the largest force Britain had ever sent overseas, amounting to some 180, 000 men with further reinforcements being sought.

By September 1900, the British were nominally in control of both Republics, with the exception of the northern part of Transvaal.

By 1900, the White House staff included one " secretary to the president " ( then the title of the president's chief aide ), two assistant secretaries, two executive clerks, a stenographer, and seven other office personnel.

By 1900 Cripple Creek and its sister city, Victor, were substantial mining communities.

As for the contradiction between German rearmament and his message of peace, Ribbentrop argued to whoever would listen that the German people had been “ humiliated ” by the Versailles treaty, that Germany wanted peace above all, and German violations of Versailles were part of an effort to restore Germany's " self-respect " By the 1930s, much of British opinion had been convinced that the treaty was monstrously unfair and unjust to Germany, so as a result, many in Britain like Thomas Jones were very open to Ribbentrop ’ s message that if only Versailles could be done away with, then European peace would be secured.

By the outbreak of World War I, one billion GM had been added to Germany's national debt because of naval expenditures.

By the time the war began, the number of members rose to 250, 000, and the Waffen-SS was formed in August 1940, expanding the earlier armed SS troops who had fought in Poland and France in 1939 – 40, to serve alongside the Wehrmacht, Germany's regular armed forces.

By way of example, and following Germany's decision after the Franco-Prussian War ( 1870 – 1871 ) to extract reparations to facilitate a move to the gold standard, Japan gained the needed reserves after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 – 1895.

By the end of the war, Germany's population had been reduced by one third.

By 1942, the Panzer IV was becoming Germany's main medium tank because of its better upgrade potential.

By September 1944 the Western Allies had reached Germany's western border, which was protected by the extensive Siegfried Line.

By the time the plant was brought offline, it was Germany's second oldest reactor.

By the start of 1943 Germany's armored forces had sustained heavy casualties.

By 1931, the number of Germany's experienced military reserves were coming to an end owing to Part V of the Treaty of Versailles, which had forbade conscription, and as such, there was an entire generation which had came of age in the 1920s without going through military training.

By 1943, the plant produced 15 % of Nazi Germany's synthetic fuels, 577, 000 tons.

By virtue of their appearance in the 1963 final they were selected as one of the original sixteen teams to play in the Bundesliga, Germany's new professional football league.

By mid-1940, the situation in Europe had grown dire ; Germany's military successes had led to the occupation of most of Europe, and most importantly, France, which surrendered in June 1940.

By July 1940, Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, along with a growing number of Canadians, becoming increasingly concerned that the Britain would fall and that Canada, with its small population and natural resources, would become Germany's next target.

By expressing support for the 2003 invasion of Iraq — by that point seemingly inevitable — the Vilnius letter was a public rebuke by ten EU candidates of France and Germany's vocal opposition to American and British policy.

By making us a free gift of an absence of naval competition he hoped that relations between the two countries would be so improved that we should not, in fact, find it necessary to interfere with Germany's continental policy.

By way of contrast, the nutritional situation in many of Germany's neighbour states was close to pre-war levels and large quantities of food was offered to Germany.

By this time he was already urging the modernization of Germany's remaining Zeppelin fleet, and during a 1940 visit of Hermann Göring to Frankfurt Airport this was the subject of an alleged quarrel between Pruss and Göring.

By the 1970s, Müller-Thurgau had become Germany's most-planted grape.

By 1961, Fischer, who had risen to the rank of full professor at the University of Hamburg, rocked the history profession with his first postwar book, Griff nach der Weltmacht: Die Kriegzielpolitik des kaiserlichen Deutschland 1914 – 1918 ( published in English as Germany's Aims in the First World War ), in which he argued that Germany had deliberately instigated the First World War in an attempt to become a world power.

By 1944, with Germany's looming defeat, the draft exemption for the Allgemeine-SS main offices was lifted and many junior members were ordered into combat with senior members assuming duties as Waffen-SS generals.

By this time, Willis was a popular writer ( a joke was that Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was Germany's version of N. P. Willis ) and one of the first commercially successful magazine writers in America.

By 1900, Düren was among Germany's richest cities ( with 42 millionaires and 93 factories ) and had a population of 27, 168.

By annexing large territories in northeastern France, Hitler hoped to marginalize the country to prevent any further continental challenges to Germany's hegemony.