By 1980 the infrequency of sightings of Mount Ararat, which looms about sixty kilometers across the Turkish border, became a symbol of worsening air pollution in Yerevan.

By 1980 postmodernist sensibilities undercut confidence in overarching metanarratives.

By French aristocrat Mélanie de Gaufridy de Dortan ( 1876 – 1937 ), he had Roger Marie Vincent Philippe Lévêque de Vilmorin ( 12 September 1905 – 20 July 1980 )

By 1980, the way the game was played had changed dramatically due to innovative coaching tactics, with the phasing out of many of the game's kicking styles and the increasing use of handball ; whilst presentation was influenced by television.

By 1980 Brazil had become a net exporter of arms.

By May 1984, Ken Barlow stood as the only original cast member, after the departures of Ena Sharples ( in 1980 ), Annie Walker ( in 1983 ), Elsie Tanner ( in 1984 ) and Albert Tatlock ( also 1984 ).

By comparison, when Mount St. Helens erupted in 1980, it released ~ 1. 2 km < sup > 3 </ sup > ( DRE ) of ejecta.

During the late 1970s he acquired a large public audience as a critic of the then Labour government's disregard of civil liberties ; his writings from this time are collected in Writing By Candlelight ( 1980 ).

By the time the film " The Empire Strikes Back " was released in 1980 Star Wars fanzines had surpassed Star Trek zines in sales.

By 1990, Chile had fulfilled Hayek's prediction by transitioning to a democratic state as established in the 1980 Constitution of Chile approved during the Pinochet regime.

" By 1980, Carangi began having violent temper tantrums, walking out of photo shoots, and even falling asleep in front of the camera.

By 1982, only four players and three starting pitchers remained from the 1980 squad.

By 1980 the firm had operations in southern Africa, Australia, China, Great Britain, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, as well as the United States, and employed 37, 000 people.

By 1980, Cagney was contributing financially to the Republican Party, supporting his friend Ronald Reagan's bid for the presidency in the 1980 election.

By 1980, a number of national computer facilities ( ULCC London, UMRCC Manchester, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory serving the Science and Engineering Research Council community ), each with their own star network had developed.

By 1980 due to poor ratings and then infrequent television coverage the golden-age of kickboxing in Japan was suddenly finished.

By 1980 the Krugerrand accounted for 90 % of the global gold coin market.

* Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. Metaphors We Live By ( IL: University of Chicago Press, 1980 ), Chapters 1 – 3.

By 1980, when the name of the CMF was changed to the Army Reserve, the regular army was the more significant force.

By circa 1980 the use of a " record changer ", which might scuff up or otherwise damage the discs, was widely disparaged, so the " turntable " emerged triumphant and retained its position to the end of the 20th Century and beyond.

By 1980 there were more than 250 ; by 1996 there were more than 450.

By 1980, Berlusconi had established a relationship with the actress Veronica Lario ( born Miriam Bartolini ), with whom he subsequently had three children: Barbara ( b. 1984 ), Eleonora ( b. 1986 ) and Luigi ( b. 1988 ).

By way of comparison, the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption was a VEI-5 with 1. 2 km < sup > 3 </ sup > of ejecta.

Side By Side By Sondheim ( 1976 ), Marry Me A Little ( 1980 ), You're Gonna Love Tomorrow ( 1983 ) Putting It Together ( 1993 ), and Sondheim on Sondheim ( 2010 ) are anthologies or revues of Sondheim's work as composer and lyricist, featuring both songs performed and cut from productions.

By the end of 1863, at Lincoln's direction, General Lorenzo Thomas had recruited 20 regiments of blacks from the Mississippi Valley.

By doing this, he practically signaled his support for Gorbachev's ascension to the General Secretaryship.

* The Didjeridu: A Guide By Joe Cheal – General info on the didgeridoo, with citations and references

By November the Deputy General Minister and President, William Howland, suggested that the committee's staff consultant and chairperson agree on a specific proposal and bring it back to the committee: that meant Robert L. Friedly of the Office of Interpretation and Ronald E. Osborn.

By 15: 00, the 3rd Reconnaissance Regiment and part of 21st Panzer Division from the north and 33rd Reconnaissance Regiment and the Baade Group comprising elements from 15th Panzer Division from the south were in place under Lieutenamnt-General ( General der Panzertruppe ) Walther Nehring.

By this time, Hitler had appointed Himmler as Minister of the Interior and Plenipotentiary General for Administration ( Generalbevollmächtigter für die Verwaltung ).

By the 1890s, industrialisation in these areas had created the first giant industrial corporations with burgeoning global interests, as companies like U. S. Steel, General Electric, Standard Oil and Bayer AG joined the railroad companies on the world's stock markets.

By this time billionaire Sir James Goldsmith had set up his own Referendum Party, siphoning off some Conservative support, and at the 1997 General Election many Conservative candidates were openly expressing reluctance to join.

By the summer of 1846, American forces under General Stephen W. Kearny had captured New Mexico.

By 1570, the southern part of New Spain was designated the Captaincy General of Guatemala.

By July 1831, as the new countries of Venezuela and Ecuador were being established, the isthmus would again reiterate its independence, now under the same General Alzuru as supreme military commander.

By 1908, the radicales had overthrown General Ferreira and the cívicos.

By Executive Order of the President of the United States, the Purple Heart was revived on the 200th Anniversary of George Washington's birth, out of respect to his memory and military achievements, by War Department General Orders No. 3, dated February 22, 1932.

By 1907, REO had gross sales of $ 4. 5 million and the company was one of the four wealthiest automobile manufacturers in the U. S. After 1908 however, despite the introduction of improved cars designed by Olds, REO's share of the automobile market decreased due in part to competition from emerging companies like Ford and General Motors.

By 1955, the internal power struggle between the two ( main ) factions of the Phibul regime-led by Police General Phao Sriyanonda, on the one hand, and General ( later, Field Marshal ) Srisdi Dhanarajata, on the other-became fierce to the degree that Police General Phao Sriyanonda sought the U. S. support for a coup against the Phibul regime ( but was rejected ).

By this Resolution, the UN General Assembly established an international commission which, in collaboration with the Government of Costa Rica, was requested to prepare the organization, structure and setting in motion of the University for Peace.

By the opening of the 2008 General Conference, total UMC membership was estimated at 11. 4 million, with about 7. 9 million in the U. S. and 3. 5 million overseas.

* 06: 53 UT The Khabarovsk ground station sends Gagarin the following message via HF radio, " By order of No. 33 ( General Nikolai Kamanin ) the transmitters have been switched on, and we are transmitting this: the flight is proceeding as planned and the orbit is as calculated.

By ancient law, no nobleman could command more than twenty-five men ( to prevent the possibility of sedition by private armies ), and while the position of Captain General was introduced in the mid-14th century, he still had to answer to a civilian panel of twenty Savi or " wise men ".

** United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379: By a vote of 72 – 35 ( with 32 abstentions ), the United Nations General Assembly approves a resolution equating Zionism with racism.

By the mid-1920s membership was already declining due to government repression and it decreased again substantially during a contentious organizational schism in 1924 when the organization split between the " Westerners " and the " Easterners " over a number of issues, including the role of the General Administration ( often oversimplified as a struggle between " centralists " and " decentralists ") and attempts by the Communist Party to dominate the organization.

By 1968, the new, or soon to be, US commander in South Vietnam, General Creighton Abrams had been notified that the 152mm shells were now available for the Sheridan.