By 1989, Moscow had repudiated the Brezhnev Doctrine in favor of non − intervention in the internal affairs of its Warsaw Pact allies.

By the time of his resignation as chairman of the board in 1989 he had transformed Heineken from a brand that was known chiefly in the Netherlands to a brand that is currently famous worldwide.

By September 1989 his cancer was declared terminal.

By 1989, GPL came into being and the only major component missing was the kernel.

By 1989 President Callejas's broad economic goal became to return Honduran economic growth to 1960-80 levels.

By 1989 and the election of President Callejas, however, a heavy toll had been taken by regionwide economic recession, civil war in neighboring countries, the drying up of most external credit, and capital flight equaling more than US $ 1. 5 billion.

By 1989, it accounted for an estimated 34 % of material products, compared to 18 % from agriculture.

By 1989, with a definitive model name now chosen, the MX-5 ( as in " Mazda Experiment ", project number 5 ) was ready to be introduced to the world as a true lightweight sports car, weighing just.

* Music to be Born By ( 1989 ) – Mickey Hart

By contrast, South Korea had an average population density of 425 persons per square kilometer in 1989.

By the end of 1989, the last hardline members of the party's Central Committee had either resigned or been pushed out, followed in 1990 by 95 % of the SED's 2. 3 million members.

By the fall of 1989, the regime was barely clinging to power.

:* Best Rock Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocal ( 1989 ) as part of The Traveling Wilburys

By 1989 there were signs of a revival of the overseas construction market — the Dong Ah Construction Company signed a US $ 5. 3 billion contract with Libya for the second phase of Libya's Great Man-Made River Project, which, when all five phases were completed, was projected to cost US $ 27 billion.

By 1989, the Arizona state legislature had successfully created the holiday, but opponents forced a ballot initiative, and in 1990, Arizona voters rejected the initiative.

By 1986 only 2, 157 remained in custody and only 39 were still being held in 1989 when they were released under the Esquipulas II agreement.

By 1989, the hip hop scene had evolved, gaining recognition and exhibiting a stronger influence on the music industry.

By 1989, Leone had been able to acquire $ 100 million in financing from independent backers, and the film was to be a joint production with a Soviet film company.

By means of the peaceful revolution in 1989, the communist regime was brought down and the city has been governed democratically since 1990.

By contrast, when Canada's YTV began airing the series in 1989, they continued airing the 1981 season as part of the package, as well as Whatever Turns You On, which was never shown in the United States at all.

By 1989, home video game sales in the United States had reached $ 5 billion, surpassing the 1982 peak of $ 3 billion during the previous generation.

By June 1989, an agreement was reached, and the only concession the RIAA would receive was a more practical recommendation from manufacturers to Congress that legislation be enacted to require that recorders have a Serial Copy Management System to prevent digital copying for more than a single generation.

By 1989, ICIC's shareholding was reduced to 11 % with Abu Dhabi groups holding almost 40 %.

By 1989, The Disney Channel had a total of about five million pay subscribers nationwide.

By this time, as we shall see, the Tories were already planning to `` punish '' Steele for his political writing by expelling him from the House of Commons.

By political, economic, geographic and natural standards, they were justified in doing so.

By the early 1960s, most of East and Central Africa, where the majority of the Ismāʿīlī population on the continent resided including Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda, Malagasy, Rwanda, Burundi and Zaire, had attained their political independence.

By the mid-4th century however the assembly's judicial functions were largely curtailed, though it always kept a role in the initiation of various kinds of political trial.

By resigning Laws became the shortest serving Minister in modern British political history with less than 18 days service as a Cabinet Minister.

By 1967, when a military junta had seized power in Greece, the political impetus for enosis had faded, partly as a result of the non-aligned foreign policy of Cypriot President Makarios.

By contrast, in ceremonial monarchies, the monarch holds little actual power or direct political influence.

By contrast, the Fascist and Nazi regimes of Italy and Germany tended to confine their coercive activities to purely political aims, without any serious attempt to force the ideological conversion of their opponents.

By the time Gorbachev ushered in the process that would lead to the dismantling of the Soviet administrative command economy through his programs of glasnost ( political openness ), uskoreniye ( speed-up of economic development ) and perestroika ( political and economic restructuring ) announced in 1986, the Soviet economy suffered from both hidden inflation and pervasive supply shortages aggravated by an increasingly open black market that undermined the official economy.

By now the group had become a de-facto political force, pitting itself against rising elements of American social and political life such as the religious right, Ronald Reagan and the idle rich.

Despite the revivalists ' various political views and different opinions regarding the nature of authentic folk music, they all shared an understanding of Americanism that grounded the nation's identity in cultural pluralism and political democracy " By the end of the 1930s they along with the musicians and others had turned American folk music into a social movement.

By the 1960s science fiction was combining sensationalism with political and technological critiques of society.

By 1917 Finland had experienced rapid population growth, industrialization, improvements in the economy and standard of living, and the rise of a comprehensive labor movement ; economic, social, and political divisions were deepening while the Finnish political system was in an unstable phase of democratization and modernization.

By the middle of June the political situation in Barcelona had deteriorated and the POUM — painted by the pro-Soviet Communists as a Trotskyist organisation — was outlawed and under attack.

By then, the Sumerian Peoples of south Mesopotamia were all organized into a variety of independent City-states, such as Ur and Uruk, which by around 26th century BC had begun to coalesce into larger political units.

By Haitian standards, Magloire's rule was firm, but not harsh: he jailed political opponents, including Fignolé, and shut down their presses when their protests grew too strident, but he allowed labor unions to function, although they were not permitted to strike.

By the end of the 1930s, the PNH was the only organized functioning political party in the nation.

By the start of the 18th century, a political union between Scotland and England became politically and economically attractive, promising to open up the much larger markets of England, as well as those of the growing British Empire.

By 1944 the UAP had effectively disintegrated and in 1945 Menzies formally established a new political party, the Liberal Party of Australia, and forged an enduring coalition with the Country Party.

By the mid-15th century, the Benin Empire was engaged in political expansion and consolidation.

By the 1930s, approximately 30, 000 white settlers lived in the area and gained a political voice because of their contribution to the market economy.