By the 1856 presidential election, the party was virtually defunct.

By adopting primary voting, the field of candidates for Vice President was expanded by both the increased quantity and quality of presidential candidates successful in some primaries, yet who ultimately failed to capture the Presidential nomination at the convention.

By July 1, 1881, minor party dissension over the Conkling affair remained while President Garfield continued his policy of forbidding Vice President Chester A. Arthur, a Conkling ally, from attending presidential cabinet meetings.

By 1868, the Republicans felt strong enough to drop the Union Party label, but wanted to nominate a popular hero for their presidential candidate.

By law and by tradition, the Secretary of the Treasury is fifth in the United States presidential line of succession, in case of some extreme calamity in the United States.

By the summer Perot commanded a lead in the presidential race with thirty-nine percent of the vote.

By the time of the presidential election of 2009, Yushchenko and Tymoshenko — allies during the Orange Revolution — had become bitter enemies.

By 1932, despite his longstanding association with the Republican Party, he openly supported Democratic presidential candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt, staging a " Motion Picture and Electrical Parade Sports Pageant " at L. A. Stadium in Roosevelt's honor.

By the end of Ronald Reagan's presidential administration, Christian Right organizations were generally in a phase of decline.

By December 8, 2000, there had been multiple court decisions regarding the presidential election in Florida and on that date the Florida Supreme Court, by a 4-3 vote, ordered a statewide manual recount.

By the 1870s the South was heavily Democratic in national and presidential elections, apart from pockets of Republican strength.

By this time Barbara had experienced two presidential campaigns, but broke new ground by becoming the first candidate's spouse who was not first lady to speak at a national party convention.

By the United States Electoral College for presidential elections, all of a state's votes go to the winning candidate for that state, no matter how close the margin was ( Maine and Nebraska excepted ).

By August 21, Morales had chosen his running mate for the presidential elections, left-wing ideologist, sociologist, mathematician, and political analyst Álvaro García Linera, who fought alongside of Felipe Quispe as part of the Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army ( EGTK ).

By the time Lincoln took office as President on March 4, 1861, later than the subsequently amended presidential inauguration date of January 20, the seceding states had formed the Confederate States of America.

By 1934, about 1 / 6 of all presidential ballots were being cast on mechanical voting machines, essentially all made by the same manufacturer.

By 1988, the Republicans had chosen Prescott Bush's son, George H. W. Bush as its presidential candidate on a conservative platform.

By early 1919, Obregón had determined to use his immense popularity to run in the presidential election that would be held in 1920.

By the summer of 1933, two of old wartime subordinates of Calles had risen to the top of the party: Manuel Pérez Treviño and Lázaro Cárdenas Calles sought to have Trevino be the party's nominee at the time, seeing that he would be the most likely to continue his policies, but soon caved into pressure from party officials and agreed to support the popular land reformer Cárdenas as the PNR's presidential candidate in the 1934 Mexican Presidential election.

By the time of the 1856 presidential election, however, he had completely reversed his position and had become intimate friends with Charles Robinson and Samuel Pomeroy.

By 1824, the congressional nominating caucus had fallen into disrepute and collapsed as a method of nominating presidential and vice presidential candidates.

By contrast, the unpledged PLEO delegates ( Rule 9. A ) are seated without regard to their presidential preferences, solely by virtue of being current or former elected officeholders and party officials.

By the mid-80s, CIA Director William Casey had taken the practice to the next level: an organized, covert " public diplomacy " apparatus designed to sell a " new product "- Central America-while stoking fear of communism, the Sandinistas, Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi, and anyone else considered an adversary during the Ronald Reagan presidential administration.

By a public decree, this fine work was placed in one of the stanze of the Vatican hitherto reserved for the most precious works of antiquity.

By decree of pope Leo X they were created papal nobles, ranking as Comes palatinus (' Count Palatine '), familiars and members of the papal household, so that they might enjoy all the privileges of domestic prelates and of prelates in actual attendance on the Pope, as regards plurality of benefices as well as expectives.

By a decree of 27 December 1999, the constitution was suspended and all the institutions of government were dissolved.

By 1982, the perceived passivity of the FARC, together with the relative success of the government's efforts against the M-19 and ELN, enabled the administration of the Liberal Party's Julio César Turbay ( 1978 – 1982 ) to lift a state-of-siege decree that had been in effect, on and off, for most of the previous 30 years.

Of oil merchants in Baku Çelebi writes: " By Allah's decree petroleum bubbles up out of the ground, but in the manner of hot springs, pools of water are formed with petroleum congealed on the surface like cream.

By papal decree, the property of the Templars was transferred to the Order of Hospitallers, which also absorbed many of the Templars ' members.

By decree of the President of the Italian Republic of 2 June 2010, Kabir Bedi was officially knighted.

By decree of Ptolemy III Euergetes, all visitors to the city were required to surrender all books and scrolls, as well as any form of written media in any language in their possession which, according to Galen, were listed under the heading " books of the ships ".

By one of Athalaric's own additions to the decree, it was decided that if a disputed election was carried before the Gothic officials of Ravenna by the Roman clergy and people, three thousand solidi would have to be paid into court.

By the Khan's decree, the school also was exempt from taxation.

By decree of Pope Pius XII in 1949, the remains of Pius VI were moved to the Chapel of the Madonna below St. Peter's in the Papal Grotto.

By a decree of 5 May 2000, the Second Sunday of Easter ( the Sunday after Easter Day itself ), is known also in the Roman Rite as Divine Mercy Sunday.

By Venezuelan decree, uniforms are required at all schools in all grades.

By decree of the emperor Francis I of Austria in the year 1816 Monza officially became a city.

By public decree temples, priests, and sacrifices were accorded her.

: By the decree of God, for the manifestation of his glory, some men and angels are predestinated unto everlasting life, and others foreordained to everlasting death.

By decree of the Holy See, the Augustinian Order is granted exempt status, which places it under the direct dependence of the Pope, meaning that bishops have no jurisdiction with regards to the internal affairs of the Order.

By a decree of July 6, 1785, the value of the United States dollar was set to approximately match the Spanish dollar, both of which were based on the weight of silver in the coins.

By decree of 25 December 1803 the Mamluks were organized into a company attached to the Chasseurs-à-Cheval of the Imperial Guard.

By 1774, when a decree ended indentured servitude for whites, there were some 18 to 19 million coffee trees on the island.

" By a decree of 4 February 1794 ( 16 pluviôse ) it also ratified and expanded to the whole French colonial empire the 1793 abolition of slavery on Saint-Domingue by civil commissioners Sonthonax and Polverel, though this did not affect Martinique or Guadeloupe and was abolished by the law of 20 May 1802.

By a decree of the Sacred Congregation of Ceremonial of 31 December 1930 the Holy See granted bishops of the Roman Catholic Church the title of Most Reverend Excellency ( Latin, Excellentia Reverendissima ).

* By declaring that the revised liturgy of the Mass promulgated and defended by these popes is evil, they teach that the Church can decree evil and has decreed evil.

By a decree of the oracle of Dodona, which required the Athenians to grant land for a shrine or temple her cult was introduced into Attica by immigrant Thracian residents, and, though Thracian and Athenian processions remained separate, both cult and festival became so popular that in Plato's time ( ca.