By repeatedly evaluating their course, and adjusting if they are moving in the wrong direction, bacteria can direct their motion to find favorable locations with high concentrations of attractants ( usually food ) and avoid repellents ( usually poisons ).

By careful testing and adjusting the proportions and grinding time, powder from mills such as at Essonne outside Paris became the best in the world by 1788, and inexpensive.

By properly adjusting the level of the voltage almost any gray level or transmission can be achieved.

By adjusting the pH of some toxic materials, we are reducing the leaching ability of the waste.

By adjusting the local oscillator frequency correctly, the beat frequency is in the audio range, and can be heard as a tone in the receiver's earphones whenever the transmitter signal is present.

By adjusting the amount of gas exchange, they can restrict the amount of water lost through transpiration.

By adjusting a diaphragm to dim one of the images until the sunlit portion had the same apparent brightness as the earthlit portion on the unadjusted image, he could quantify the diaphragm adjustment, and thus had a real measurement for the brightness of Earthshine.

By adjusting the bias with respect to group and phase delay the overall distortion of high frequency signals is also greatly reduced.

By adjusting the intensity of the first field, it was possible to arrange it so that the luminosity of the phosphor had decayed to exactly match that of the second field, so that the two appeared to be at the same level and the film camera captured both. This method came to be preferred.

By adjusting the tilt, which adds a controlled phase gradient to the fringe pattern, one can control the spacing and direction of the fringes, so that one may obtain an easily interpreted series of nearly parallel fringes rather than a complex swirl of contour lines.

By adjusting the gas pressure using the gas gland or oval window the fish can obtain neutral buoyancy and ascend and descend to a large range of depths.

By changing focal length and adjusting the camera's distance from the pink bottle, it remains the same size in the image, while the blue bottle's size appears to dramatically change.

By adjusting the amplifier's gain through the main 4-bit volume register, this bias could be modulated as PCM, resulting in a " virtual " fourth channel allowing 4-bit digital sample playback.

By adjusting the flow of the electrical charge, this alloy can reshape and mold itself into any form.

By adjusting the frequency of individual cavities, the technician can change the operating frequency, gain, output power, or bandwidth of the amplifier.

By adjusting the swash plate in the motor, the stroke of its pistons are changed.

By adjusting the colour value in the palette, all pixels with that palette value change simultaneously in the image or animation.

By simply placing the icons in sequence and adjusting their properties, authors could instantly see the structure of program they were creating and, most importantly, run it to see what learners would see.

By means of an adjusting screw the lower edge of the disc is made to touch the oil-covered mercury with a pressure small enough not to puncture the film of oil.

By adjusting the two forces, one will be able to obtain a good optical sorting efficiency.

By adjusting the offset, a cutting tool of a specific diameter can be used to drill holes of different diameters as illustrated.

By definition, in the long run the firm can change its scale of operations by adjusting the level of inputs that are fixed in the short run, thereby shifting the production function upward as plotted against the variable input.

By creating and adjusting multiple points along a waveform or control events, the user can specify parameters of the output over time ( e. g., volume or pan ).

By the 19th century, clock parts were beginning to be made in small factories, but the skilled work of designing, assembling, and adjusting the clock was still done by clockmaking shops.

By 1943, the Partisan resistance movement had gained the upper hand, against the odds, and in 1945, with help from the Soviet Red Army ( passing only through small parts such as Vojvodina ), expelled the Axis forces and local supporters.

By the 18th century, however, Geneva had come under the influence of Catholic France, which cultivated the city elite, who tended to be at odds with the ordinary townsfolk – to the point that an abortive revolution took place in 1782.

By mid 2002, Koštunica and Đinđić were openly at odds over the direction of the country's future.

By the end of the 19th Century, except for the presence of the naval and military facilities, Bermuda was thought of by non-Bermudians and Bermudians alike as a quiet, rustic backwater, completely at odds with the role it had played in the development of the English-speaking Atlantic world, a change that had begun with American independence.

By 1326 Isabella found herself at increasing odds with both Edward and Hugh, ultimately resulting in Isabella's own bid for power and the invasion of England.

By analogy to the prior and posterior probability terms in Bayes ' theorem, Bayes ' rule can be seen as Bayes ' theorem in odds form.

By 1978, Brzezinski and Vance were more and more at odds over the direction of Carter's foreign policy.

By this point, Fogerty was not only at direct odds with his bandmates, but he had also come to see the group's relationship with Fantasy Records as onerous, feeling that label owner Saul Zaentz had reneged on his promise to give the band a better contract.

By contrast, for an event with a 4 in 5 probability of occurring ( i. e. a probability of 4 / 5, 0. 8 or 80 %), then the odds are 0. 8 / ( 1 − 0. 8 )

By the 1940s, this emphasis had passed as geographers found that the difficulties associated with reconstructing the past were forbidding and at odds with their primary concern with the present world.

By 1961 the ICFI had split politically, the Internationalist Communist Party ( PCI ) in France and the Socialist Labour League ( SLL ) in Britain arguing that a workers ' state had not been created in Cuba, putting them at odds with the American SWP and the other organisations in the ICFI.

By 2 June 1997, the RUF / AFRC found itself at odds with Nigerian forces, which were deployed unilaterally at this stage under the Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ) Ceasefire Monitoring Group ( ECOMOG ) and its mandate of August 1997 ).

By 1975, Pendergrass and Harold Melvin were at odds, mainly over monetary issues and personality conflicts.

By salting the passwords with two random characters, the odds are that even if two accounts use the same password, no one can discover this by reading password files.

By his outstanding valor, skilled tactics, and tenacious perseverance in the face of overwhelming odds, 1st Lt. Lummus had inspired his stouthearted marines to continue the relentless drive northward, thereby contributing materially to the success of his regimental mission.

By contrast, when using a sportsbook with the odds set at − 110 vs. − 110 ( 10 to 11, 1. 9090 ..) with vigorish factored in, each person would have to risk or lay $ 110 to win $ 100 ( the sportsbook collects $ 220 " in the pot ").

By contrast an average game would have odds of approximately 1 in 9 for each ring which works out at 1 in 700 for a 3-ring game.

By 1908, annual inter-class athletic meets began between the “ odds ” and “ evens ” ( year of graduation ).

By this reasoning, a person holding contempt would not have the urge to openly confront the person with whom they are at odds, nor would they themselves try to remove the object of contempt ; rather, one who holds contempt would have the tendency to hold the view that others should remove the object of contempt, or hold the view that the object of contempt should remove itself.

By 1963 Rohmer was becoming more at odds with some of the more radical left-wing critics at Cahiers du Cinema.

By informing all affected groups at every stage, and emphasizing the positive end results of the reengineering process, it is possible to minimize resistance to change and increase the odds for success.

By 2025, Australia is staunchly liberal, and is often at odds with the Cape.