By changing Bovril to a non-meat base, Unilever hoped to increase sales there, where people enjoy Bovril stirred into porridge.

By inserting separate, successive sections of V. cholerae DNA into the DNA of other bacteria, such as E. coli that would not naturally produce the protein toxins, researchers have investigated the mechanisms by which V. cholerae responds to the changing chemical environments of the stomach, mucous layers, and intestinal wall.

By the early 1860s, the relationship between the imperial court and the Shogunate was changing radically.

By 1960, having been influenced more by jazz music than blues, Brown began incorporating jazz styled arrangements in his music, with Brown naming the Famous Flames hits " I'll Go Crazy " and " Think " as examples of his changing style away from more traditional forms of R & B and rock ' n ' roll.

By changing the order in which the stitches are knit, the wales can be made to cross.

By re-assessing and changing the light sources used, it is often possible to reduce energy use and pollutive effects while simultaneously greatly improving efficiency and visibility.

By changing the settings on the scanner, this effect is used to create contrast between different types of body tissue or between other properties, as in fMRI and diffusion MRI.

By changing the balance it is possible to influence the anisotropy of the etching, since the chemical part is isotropic and the physical part highly anisotropic the combination can form sidewalls that have shapes from rounded to vertical.

By contrast, natural languages have changing meanings given by their users in different communities.

By changing the shape of the plane, thousands of puzzles can be played ( although only a relatively small selection of these puzzles are available in print ).

By changing cylinders to reload ( an early example of a speedloader ), the gun was fired and reloaded to fire a total of 63 rounds in seven minutes.

By the 1920s psychoanalysts assumed that homosexuality was pathological and that attempts to treat it were appropriate, although psychoanalytic opinion about changing homosexuality was largely pessimistic.

By changing the title, Austen added " philosophical depth " to what began as a sketch of two characters.

By changing the rigging, rudder, and sometimes the keel or centre board, a sailor manages the force of the wind on the sails in order to move the vessel relative to its surrounding medium ( typically water, but also land and ice ) and change its direction and speed.

By changing the shape of the mouth, the frequency response of the filter is changed, so removing ( subtracting ) some of the harmonics.

By gradually changing from “ oooh ” to “ aaah ” and back again, a spectral glide is created, emulating the ‘ sweeping filter ’ effect that is the basis of the ‘ wah-wah ’ guitar effect.

By contrast, a lateral force on a beam produces a moment ( called a bending moment ), but since the angular momentum of the beam is not changing, this bending moment is not called a torque.

By changing the synchronization between the uplink and downlink at the base station, however, this limitation can be overcome.

By the mid 1940s, jazz artists were changing their approach.

By changing variables in the simulation, predictions may be made about the behaviour of the system.

By 1763 tastes were changing.

By regularly changing the planting location, the pest cycles can be broken or limited.

By changing its sweep angle in this way, drag can be reduced at high speed ( with the wing swept ) without sacrificing low speed performance ( with the wing perpendicular ).

By guaranteeing only one bit can be changing, Gray codes guarantee that the only possible sampled values are the new or old multi-bit value.

By convincing banks to lend again, as well as changing and standardizing mortgage instruments and procedures, home ownership has increased from 40 % in the 1930s to nearly 70 % in 2001.

By distinguishing superlunary ( celestial ) and sublunary ( terrestrial ) existence, and reinforcing this with the four-element physics of Empedocles, Aristotle came to speak of the stars as perfect bodies, which moved in only a perfect way, viz. in a perfect circle.

By dealing with common landscape in an uncommon way, Roy Mason has found a particular niche in American landscape art.

`` By the way '', said Mr. Blatz, packing his tools into a battered carrier, `` them power tools needs extra voltage.

By the end of the spring of 1961, assuming that a general business recovery gets under way, interest rates should begin to edge upward again, depending upon the vigor of the recovery and the determination with which the monetary authorities move to restrain credit availability.

By early summer, he wrote from Laramie that he was suffering from the wound inflicted in the ambush and was in a bad way financially, so Pels sent him a draft for $100, warning that it was still not wise for him to return.

By means of charts showing wave-travel times and depths in the ocean at various locations, it is possible to estimate the rate of approach and probable time of arrival at Hawaii of a tsunami getting under way at any spot in the Pacific.

By way of explanation we ourselves are prone to imagine that this achievement stems from the same American Catholic zeal and generosity which brought the parochial school system into existence.

By the theory of minute constituents of things, and his emphasis on mechanical processes in the formation of order, he paved the way for the atomic theory.

By allowing a new kind of equality among citizens this opened the way to democracy, which in turn called for a new means, chattel slavery, to at least partially equalise the availability of leisure between rich and poor.

By 1980, the way the game was played had changed dramatically due to innovative coaching tactics, with the phasing out of many of the game's kicking styles and the increasing use of handball ; whilst presentation was influenced by television.

By 1972, however, with only a minimum of work done on the I-95 right of way and none on the potentially massively disruptive Inner Belt, Governor Francis Sargent put a moratorium on highway construction within the MA-128 corridor, except for a short stretch of Interstate 93.

By early 2000 there had been the beginning of an economic recovery, with the export sector leading the way, as it enjoyed the benefit of the more competitive exchange rate, as well as strong prices for petroleum, Colombia's leading export product.

By 0. 3 Mya, Canis lupus ( the gray wolf ) was fully developed and had spread throughout Europe and northern Asia ; and Beringia offered a way to North America.

By 1996, other engineers had joined in, because it was clear that Cygwin would be a useful way to provide Cygnus ' embedded tools hosted on Windows systems ( the previous strategy had been to use DJGPP ).

By Stalin's death in 1953, the Central Committee had become largely a symbolic organ, which was responsible to the Politburo, and not the other way around.

By way of contrast, when introduced in 1985, the Amiga had compared favorably against 286-based systems with EGA graphics and rudimentary sound capabilities that frequently cost 2 – 3 times as much.

By 1827, construction on the Dayton-Cincinnati canal began as a way to better transport goods from Dayton to Cincinnati.

By the age of Augustus, poets like Virgil closely adhered to the rules of the meter and approached it in a highly rhetorical way, looking for effects that can be exploited in skilled recitation.

By 2003 the line had been restored from Massawa all the way through to Asmara.

By no means do all Greek epigrams behave this way ; many are simply descriptive.

By way of comparison, the routes départementales cover a total distance of 365, 000 km.

* By the convolution theorem, Fourier transforms turn the complicated convolution operation into simple multiplication, which means that they provide an efficient way to compute convolution-based operations such as polynomial multiplication and multiplying large numbers.

By the end of the 1990s, 11 fishing farms were registered in Guadeloupe and experiments are under way to catch and market fish in order to respond to growing demand.

By granting land to the abbotts and bishops he appointed, Otto actually made these bishops into " princes of the Empire " ( Reichsfürsten ); in this way, Otto was able to establish a national church.

By 1988, Hungary had developed a two-tier banking system and had enacted significant corporate legislation which paved the way for the ambitious market-oriented reforms of the post-communist years.