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Page "Diffraction" ¶ 66
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By and direct
By relaxing the throat muscles and expanding the oral cavity well into the frontal sinuses, she could direct the vowel sounds into the most felicitous position for proper reproduction through her throat microphone.
* By intensifying the will-forces through exercises such as a chronologically reversed review of the day's events, the meditant can achieve a further stage of inner independence from sensory experience, leading to direct contact, and even union, with spiritual beings (" Intuition ") without loss of individual awareness.
By contrast, in ceremonial monarchies, the monarch holds little actual power or direct political influence.
By repeatedly evaluating their course, and adjusting if they are moving in the wrong direction, bacteria can direct their motion to find favorable locations with high concentrations of attractants ( usually food ) and avoid repellents ( usually poisons ).
By capturing the islands Magnus imposed a more direct royal control, although at a price.
By contrast, hypnotists who believed that responses to suggestion are primarily mediated by the conscious mind, such as Theodore Barber and Nicholas Spanos tended to make more use of direct verbal suggestions and instructions.
" By default, American individualists had no difficulty accepting the concepts that " one man employ another " or that " he direct him ," in his labor but rather demanded that " all natural opportunities requisite to the production of wealth be accessible to all on equal terms and that monopolies arising from special privileges created by law be abolished.
By the Chinese Remainder Theorem, this ring factors into the direct product of rings of integers mod p. Now each of these factors is a field, so it is clear that the only idempotents will be 0 and 1.
By 2004, Japan had become Bangladesh's fourth-largest source of foreign direct investment, behind the United States, United Kingdom, and Malaysia.
Déjacque wrote that:By government I understand all delegation, all power outside the people ,’ for which must be substituted, in a process whereby politics is transcended, the ‘ people in direct possession of their sovereignty ,’ or the ‘ organised commune .’ For Déjacque, the communist anarchist utopia would fulfil the function of inciting each proletarian to explore his or her own human potentialities, in addition to correcting the ignorance of the proletarians concerning ‘ social science .’"
By 1986 China had nearly 3 million telephone exchange lines, including 34, 000 long-distance exchange lines with direct, automatic service to 24 cities.
By the beginnings of the 80s, lowering of costs in microcontroller electronics made direct drive turntables more affordable.
By the mid-1860s direct taxation had made the customs wall redundant, and so in 1866-7 most of it was demolished along with all the city gates except two – the Brandenburg Gate and the Potsdam Gate.
Apocalyptic fiction generally concerns the disaster itself and the direct aftermath, while post-apocalyptic can deal with anything from the near aftermath ( as in Cormac McCarthy's The Road ) to 375 years in the future ( as in By The Waters of Babylon ) to hundreds or thousands of years in the future, as in Russell Hoban's novel Riddley Walker and Walter M. Miller, Jr .' s A Canticle for Leibowitz.
Raimi may direct By Any Means Necessary, the next film based on the " Jack Ryan " CIA character created by Tom Clancy.
By request of the Government of Newfoundland, the United Kingdom resumed its direct rule of Newfoundland in 1934, and it kept that until Newfoundland and Labrador became a province of Canada in 1949.
By 1912, 239 political parties at both the state and national level had pledged some form of direct election, and 33 states had introduced the use of direct primaries.
By the 1890s, support for the introduction of direct election for the Senate had substantially increased, and reformers worked on two fronts.
By 1910, 31 state legislatures had passed resolutions calling for a constitutional amendment allowing direct election, and in the same year ten Republican senators who were opposed to reform were forced out of their seats, acting as a " wake-up call to the Senate ".
By 1912, 239 political parties at both the state and national level had pledged some form of direct election, and 33 states had introduced the use of direct primaries.
" By this definition, civil disobedience could be traced back to the Book of Exodus, where Shiphrah and Puah refused a direct order of Pharaoh but misrepresented how they did it.
* By the use of any power vehicle or power boats for herding or driving animals, including use of aircraft to land alongside or to communicate with or direct a hunter on the ground.

By and substitution
By contrast, some other sounds would cause a change in meaning if substituted: for example, substitution of the sound would produce the different word still, and that sound must therefore be considered to represent a different phoneme ( the phoneme ).
By contrast, the cis and trans isomers of the X-Pro peptide bond ( where X represents any amino acid ) both experience steric clashes with the neighboring substitution and are nearly equal energetically.
By contrast, in a substitution cipher, the units of the plaintext are retained in the same sequence in the ciphertext, but the units themselves are altered.
By making them in longer lengths, a reduction was effected in the number of joints, always the weakest part of the line ; and another advance consisted in the substitution of wrought iron for cast iron, though that material did not gain wide adoption until after the patent for an improved method of rolling rails granted in 1820 to John Birkinshaw, of the Bedlington Ironworks, Northumberland.
By way of example, the substitution of Oreos for the traditional wafer is unacceptable.
By this means, a rotor machine produces a complex polyalphabetic substitution cipher, which changes with every keypress.
By using the scoring matrix ( substitution matrix ) to score the comparison of each residue pair, there are 20 ^ 3 possible match scores for a 3-letter word.
By the late 1990s and into the 2000s, the simultaneous substitution regulation had reached its full potential, with Canadian broadcast networks airing almost all of their US-purchased programming in sync with the US network's broadcast to ensure maximum eligibility to request substitution.
By the substitution of the Constant and Signal generator blocks of Simulink the stimulation becomes reproducible.
By the mid to late 1980s, with advances in cryofixation and freeze substitution methods for electron microscopy, it was generally concluded that mesosomes do not exist in living cells.
By the substitution rule of integral calculus, we then have
By substitution:.
By the end of the war, several prominent Americans — among them Robert Morris, John Jay, Robert Livingston, and John Adams — were using other versions of numerical substitution codes.
By the time the problem had been identified and rectified by the substitution of the front struts by more conventional wishbones ( which was subsequently offered as a factory modification to all owners ' 17s ), it was all too late and racing had moved on.
By contrast, it has long been recognized that penal substitution was not taught in the early church.
By 1935, it simply called for " equal rights to all " due to the " change of the national composition of the Greek part of Macedonia " and hence because " the Leninist-Stalinist principle of self-determination demands the substitution of the old slogan ".

By and solution
By adding a CRTC6845 to the package, a full hardware solution was created that did not reduce CPU performance and only used 1 kB of memory for the display.
By definition it does not cover problems whose solution are unknown or have not been characterised formally.
By contrast, to dilute a solution, one must add more solvent, or reduce the amount of solute.
By dissolving the mixture in the chosen solvent, one component will go into the solution and pass through the filter, while the other will be retained.
By this solution though, any given object always has all the properties throughout time, and the properties are merely temporally-specific.
By 2005 it became obvious Relatable's fingerprinting solution didn't scale well to the millions of tracks in the database and the search for a viable replacement began.
By producing a " child " solution using the above methods of crossover and mutation, a new solution is created which typically shares many of the characteristics of its " parents ".
By using Lagrange multipliers and seeking the extremum of the Lagrangian, it may be readily shown that the solution to the equality constrained problem is given by the linear system:
By 1914, Horace had found a solution by creating the new four-cylinder Dodge Model 30.
By an IUPAC definition, solvation is an interaction of a solute with the solvent, which leads to stabilization of the solute species in the solution.
By the mid-1920s the domestic and international scenes began to favour another authoritarian solution, wherein a strengthened executive might restore political and social order.
By treating blue ultramarine with silver nitrate solution, " silver-ultramarine " is obtained as a yellow powder.
By 1970, the anti-guerrilla war in Africa was consuming an important part of the Portuguese budget and there was no sign of a final solution in sight.
By the end of the year, a solution was offered by the new papal bull Etsi de statu, which allowed clerical taxation in cases of pressing urgency.
By uncovering this paradox he then provides a solution ( pratītyasamutpāda-" dependent origination ") that lies at the very root of Buddhist praxis.
By means of mathematical induction, it is easily proven that the above procedure requires the minimal number of moves possible, and that the produced solution is the only one with this minimal number of moves.
By this means, sodium aluminate is formed ; it is then extracted with water and precipitated either by sodium bicarbonate or by passing a current of carbon dioxide through the solution.
By trading optimality, completeness, accuracy, and / or precision for speed, a heuristic can quickly produce a solution that is good enough for solving the problem at hand, as opposed to finding all exact solutions in a prohibitively long time.
By calling into question the legitimacy of Tel Aviv, they are supporting a one-state solution, which means the destruction of the State of Israel.
By 1789 St David's Cathedral was suffering from structural problems, the west front was leaning forward by one foot, Nash was called in to survey the structure and develop a plan to save the building, his solution completed in 1791 was to demolish the upper part of the facade and rebuild it with two large but inelegant flying buttresses.
By excluding the German-speaking part of the multinational Austrian Empire, this geographic construction represented a German question | little Germany solution.
By mid-1643 Rupert had become so well known that he was an issue in any potential peace accommodation — Parliament was seeking to see him punished as part of any negotiated solution, and the presence of Rupert at the court, close to the King during the negotiations, was perceived as a bellicose statement in itself.
By “ painting ” a solution of lipid in organic solvent across an aperture, Mueller and Rudin were able to create an artificial bilayer and determine that this exhibited lateral fluidity, high electrical resistance and self-healing in response to puncture, all of which are properties of a natural cell membrane.

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