By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system.

By 5 million years ago, the bone-crushing hyenas became the dominant scavengers of Eurasia, primarily feeding on large herbivore carcasses felled by sabre-toothed cats.

By Amundsen's own estimation, the doctor for the expedition, American Frederick Cook, probably saved the crew from scurvy by hunting for animals and feeding the crew fresh meat, an important lesson for Amundsen's future expeditions.

By 1982, when nearly all of the nation was served by full-time ABC affiliates and the evening newscast began winning the ratings, the network discontinued the practice and started feeding the news to stations at the conventional time of 6: 30 p. m. ( Eastern / Pacific )/ 5: 30 p. m. ( Central / Mountain ) on weeknights.

By the early Silurian, the gills were becoming adapted for filter feeding and during the Devonian and Carboniferous periods siphons first appeared which, with the newly developed muscular foot, allowed the animals to bury themselves deep in the sediment.

By French law, foie gras is defined as the liver of a duck fattened by gavage ( force-feeding corn ), although outside of France it is occasionally produced using natural feeding.

By the time they leave the continent their gut dissolves making feeding impossible, so they have to rely on stored energy alone.

By feeding an array of pollinators during a seasonal dearth, it can redound to the farmer's advantage.

By this time, von Luckner had the problem of feeding and keeping safe nearly 300 prisoners, in addition to his own crew.

By feeding into the male ego, she opens up a new line of communication that no socialist had been able to tap into before.

By providing the prey animals with a high quality diet immediately prior to feeding, they become a more nutritious meal for the predator.

By 1840 the canals feeding Burry Port and their tramways fed coal from the entire Gwendraeth valley down to the sea.

By feeding on sediments directly to extract the organic component, some detritivores accidentally concentrate toxic pollutants.

By the mid 1930s these communal meals had become well attended spectacles for both members of the Peace Mission and the curious public alike, feeding literally thousands.

By contrast, when feeding on Panicum grass, the drier outer leaves are left alone while they eat the tender, inner shoots and seeds.

By ' drip feeding ' commercial frequencies onto the market the Government found it could maximise auction prices.

By mid 2012, US food banks expressed concerns on the expected difficulty in feeding the hungry over the coming months.

By the 1990s the Crocodile Environmental Park had become very popular and was seen as unique for its display of crocodile feeding within the park.

By 1987, enrollment in all the districts feeding into the high school district along with the high school district reached approximately 12, 325 students.

Suggest the following twenty-first-century amendment: By moving the term `` Republic '' to lower case, substituting the modern phrase, `` move ahead '' for the stodgy `` keep '', and by using the Postmaster's name on every envelope ( in caps, of course, with the `` in spite '' as faded as possible ), the slogan cannot fail.

By 2006, although the price points of CRTs were generally much lower than LCD and plasma flat panels, large screen CRTs ( 30-inches or more ) were as expensive as a similar-sized LCD.

By the 16th century, Cairo also had high-rise apartment buildings where the two lower floors were for commercial and storage purposes and the multiple stories above them were rented out to tenants.

By the 1870s, British physicist William Crookes and others were able to evacuate tubes to a lower pressure, below 10 < sup >− 6 </ sup > atm.

By 1975, the upper water layer was saltier than the lower layer.

By the 3rd century, the Goths ruled a vast area north of the Black Sea from where they either through crossing the lower Danube or traveling by sea, raided the Balkan Peninsula and Anatolia as far as Cyprus.

By increasing the concentration of oxygen in the air, the effects of lower barometric pressure are countered and the level of arterial pO < sub > 2 </ sub > is restored toward normal capacity.

By the 15th century CE, the farming Bakongo people ( ba being the plural prefix ) were unified as the Kingdom of Kongo under a ruler called the manikongo, residing in the fertile Pool Malebo area on the lower Congo River.

By replacing the M1114, M1116, and earlier armored HMMWV types with a single model, the U. S. Army hopes to lower maintenance costs.

By June 2003, the lower house of Parliament announced that President Akayev and two other " puppet " leaders of Kyrgyzstan, from the Soviet era, would be given lifetime immunity from prosecution, raising the prospect of Akayev finally stepping down.

By using the SASL / EXTERNAL, the client requests the server derive its identity from credentials provided at a lower level ( such as TLS ).

By definition, decisions of lower courts are not binding on courts higher in the system, nor are appeals court decisions binding on local courts that fall under a different appeals court.

By the turn of the 21st century, the turntable had become a niche product, as the price of CD players, which reproduce music free from pops and scratches, fell far lower than high fidelity tape players or turntables.

By the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or " Gin Palaces " had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed.

By contrast, ionizing radiation is conventionally considered to have no completely safe lower limit, although at some energy levels, new exposures do not add appreciably to background radiation.

By either adding or subtracting the resulting signals, a lower or upper sideband signal results.

By combining decisions probabilistically at all lower levels, and making more deterministic decisions only at the highest level ;

By the end of that century, the dance spread to the middle and lower classes of Irish society and traditional triple-tune tunes and songs were altered to fit the waltz rhythm.

By using common generating plants for every type of load, important economies of scale were achieved, lower overall capital investment was required, load factor on each plant was increased allowing for higher efficiency, a lower cost for the consumer and increased overall use of electric power.

By the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Frederick V's son, Charles Louis was restored to the Lower Palatinate, and given a new electoral title, also called " Elector Palatine ", but lower in precedence than the other electorates.

By 1825 there were usually two brigades, each setting out from opposite ends of the route, Fort Vancouver in the Columbia District on the lower Columbia River and the other from York Factory on Hudson Bay, in spring and passing each other in the middle of the continent.

By the 2nd century AD, during the Han Dynasty, the Chinese also used chain pumps that lifted water from lower elevation to higher elevation.

By transitivity, any element greater than or equal to an upper bound of S is again an upper bound of S, and any element less than or equal to any lower bound of S is again a lower bound of S. This leads to the consideration of least upper bounds ( or suprema ) and greatest lower bounds ( or infima ).